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This study assessed risky and protective characteristics of pre\u2010teens with concurrent depressed mood\/early alcohol use in a large school\u2010based sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>School children aged 10\u201314 years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097289) from late primary and early secondary school classes in government, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>atholic and independent sectors participated with parental consent in the cross\u2010sectional <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ealthy <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>eighbourhoods <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>tudy. Key measures included depressed mood, recent alcohol use, school mobility, family relationship quality, school engagement and coping style. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to identify school and family\u2010related factors that distinguished those with co\u2010occurring drinking and depressive symptoms from those with either single condition. Gender and school\u2010level interactions for each factor were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Co\u2010occurring conditions were reported by 5.7% of students [confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>)<jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub> 5.19, 6.19]. Recent drinkers were more likely than non\u2010drinkers to have symptoms consistent with depression (odds ratio 1.80; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub> 1.58, 2.03). Low school commitment was associated with co\u2010occurring drinking\/depressive symptoms (odds ratio 2.86; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub> 2.25, 3.65 compared with null condition). This association appeared to be weaker in the presence of adaptive stress\u2010coping skills (odds ratio 0.18; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>95<\/jats:sub> 0.14, 0.23).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have identified factors that distinguish pre\u2010teens with very early co\u2010occurrence of drinking and depressed mood, and protective factors with potential utility for school\u2010based prevention programmes targeting these conditions. [Salom CL, Kelly AB, Alati R, Williams GM, Patton GC, Williams JW. Individual, school\u2010related and family characteristics distinguish co\u2010occurrence of drinking and depressive symptoms in very young adolescents. <jats:italic>Drug Alcohol Rev<\/jats:italic> 2016;35:387\u2013396]<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]],"date-time":"2015-06-29T13:10:45Z","timestamp":1435583445000},"page":"387-396","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Individual, school\u2010related and family characteristics distinguish co\u2010occurrence of drinking and depressive symptoms in very young adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Caroline L.","family":"Salom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"School of Population Health The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian B.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Alati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"School of Population Health The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gail M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Health The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George C.","family":"Patton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Adolescent Health The Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne W.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Adolescent Health The Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Murdoch Children's Research Institute The Royal Children's Hospital  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"School of Health and Social Development Deakin University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.05.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(97)90009-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.6.1224"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.8.837"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"WhiteV BariolaE.Australian secondary school students' use of tobacco alcohol and over\u2010the\u2010counter and illicit substances in 2011 Canberra: drug strategy branch. 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