{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:56:58Z","timestamp":1789865818519,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]],"date-time":"2016-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"French National Agency for Research on Aids and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite cannabis use being very common in patients co\u2010infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV), its effect on these patients' immune systems remains undocumented. Documenting the potential effect of cannabis use on HIV immunological markers would help caregivers make more targeted health recommendations to co\u2010infected patients. We performed a longitudinal analysis of the relationship between cannabis use and peripheral blood CD4 T\u2010cell measures in co\u2010infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cannabis use was assessed using annual self\u2010administered questionnaires in 955 patients (2386 visits) enrolled in the ANRS CO13\u2010HEPAVIH cohort. The effect of cannabis use on circulating CD4 T\u2010cell count and percentage was estimated using multivariate linear regression models with generalised estimating equations. Sensitivity analyses were conducted after excluding visits where (i) tobacco use and (ii) smoking &gt;=10 tobacco cigarettes\/day were reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the first visit, 48% of patients reported cannabis use during the previous four weeks, and 58% of these patients also smoked \u226510 tobacco cigarettes\/day. After multiple adjustment, cannabis use was not significantly associated with either circulating CD4 T\u2010cell count [model coefficient (95% confidence interval): 0.27 (\u22120.07; 0.62), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.12] or percentage [\u22120.04 (\u22120.45; 0.36), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.83]. Sensitivity analyses confirmed these results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings show no evidence for a negative effect of cannabis use on circulating CD4 T\u2010cell counts\/percentages in HIV\u2010HCV co\u2010infected patients. In\u2010depth immunological studies are needed to document whether cannabis has a harmful effect on CD4 levels in lungs and on cells' functional properties. [Marcellin F, Lions C, Rosenthal E, Roux P, Sogni P, Wittkop L, Protopopescu C, Spire B, Salmon\u2010Ceron D, Dabis F, Carrieri MP, HEPAVIH ANRS CO13 Study Group. No significant effect of cannabis use on the count and percentage of circulating CD4 T\u2010cells in HIV\u2010HCV co\u2010infected patients (ANRSCO13\u2010HEPAVIH French cohort). <jats:italic>Drug Alcohol Rev<\/jats:italic> 2017;36:227\u2013238]<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]],"date-time":"2016-04-13T08:55:44Z","timestamp":1460537744000},"page":"227-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["No significant effect of cannabis use on the count and percentage of circulating CD4 T\u2010cells in HIV\u2010HCV co\u2010infected patients (ANRS CO13\u2010HEPAVIH French cohort)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Marcellin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, UMR_S 912, Sciences Economiques &amp; Sociales de la Sant\u00e9 et Traitement de l'Information M\u00e9dicale (SESSTIM) F\u201013385  Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, UMR_S 912, IRD Marseille, F\u201013385  Marseille France"},{"name":"ORS PACA, Observatoire R\u00e9gional de la Sant\u00e9 Provence\u2010Alpes\u2010C\u00f4te d'Azur, F\u201013006  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Lions","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, UMR_S 912, Sciences Economiques &amp; Sociales de la Sant\u00e9 et Traitement de l'Information M\u00e9dicale (SESSTIM) F\u201013385  Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, UMR_S 912, IRD Marseille, F\u201013385  Marseille France"},{"name":"ORS PACA, Observatoire R\u00e9gional de la Sant\u00e9 Provence\u2010Alpes\u2010C\u00f4te d'Azur, F\u201013006  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nice Sophia\u2010Antipolis University  Nice France"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine L'Archet Hospital  Nice France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perrine","family":"Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, UMR_S 912, Sciences Economiques &amp; Sociales de la Sant\u00e9 et Traitement de l'Information M\u00e9dicale (SESSTIM) F\u201013385  Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, UMR_S 912, IRD Marseille, F\u201013385  Marseille France"},{"name":"ORS PACA, Observatoire R\u00e9gional de la Sant\u00e9 Provence\u2010Alpes\u2010C\u00f4te d'Azur, F\u201013006  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Sogni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U1016, Hepatology Unit, APHP, H\u00f4pital Cochin Paris Descartes University  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Wittkop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISPED, Centre INSERM U897\u2010Epidemiology\u2010Biostatistics Bordeaux University  Bordeaux France"},{"name":"ISPED, Centre INSERM U897\u2010Epidemiology\u2010Biostatistics INSERM  Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camelia","family":"Protopopescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, UMR_S 912, Sciences Economiques &amp; Sociales de la Sant\u00e9 et Traitement de l'Information M\u00e9dicale (SESSTIM) F\u201013385  Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, UMR_S 912, IRD Marseille, F\u201013385  Marseille France"},{"name":"ORS PACA, Observatoire R\u00e9gional de la Sant\u00e9 Provence\u2010Alpes\u2010C\u00f4te d'Azur, F\u201013006  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Spire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, UMR_S 912, Sciences Economiques &amp; Sociales de la Sant\u00e9 et Traitement de l'Information M\u00e9dicale (SESSTIM) F\u201013385  Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, UMR_S 912, IRD Marseille, F\u201013385  Marseille France"},{"name":"ORS PACA, Observatoire R\u00e9gional de la Sant\u00e9 Provence\u2010Alpes\u2010C\u00f4te d'Azur, F\u201013006  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Salmon\u2010Ceron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Service H\u00f4pital Cochin, AP\u2010HP  Paris France"},{"name":"Paris Descartes University  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Dabis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISPED, Centre INSERM U897\u2010Epidemiology\u2010Biostatistics Bordeaux University  Bordeaux France"},{"name":"ISPED, Centre INSERM U897\u2010Epidemiology\u2010Biostatistics INSERM  Bordeaux France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Patrizia","family":"Carrieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, UMR_S 912, Sciences Economiques &amp; Sociales de la Sant\u00e9 et Traitement de l'Information M\u00e9dicale (SESSTIM) F\u201013385  Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, UMR_S 912, IRD Marseille, F\u201013385  Marseille France"},{"name":"ORS PACA, Observatoire R\u00e9gional de la Sant\u00e9 Provence\u2010Alpes\u2010C\u00f4te d'Azur, F\u201013006  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"HEPAVIH ANRS CO13 Study Group*","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"MILDECA.Interministerial mission for combating drugs and addictive behaviours websitehttp:\/\/www.drogues.gouv.fr(downloaded 11 January 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit378"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"314","article-title":"La co\u2010infection par le virus de l'h\u00e9patite C chez les personnes infect\u00e9es par le VIH\u202f: donn\u00e9es de l'enqu\u00eate ANRS\u2010Vespa2","author":"Roux P","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull Epid\u00e9miologique Hebd Jul"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.3.847"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"LeeJT ShepherdBE KoetheJR et al.Active marijuana Use was not associated with changes in body mass index or CD4 T\u2010cell counts in HIV\u2010infected patients (poster) ID week 2014 October 8\u201312 Philadelphia PA2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-4-200308190-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.2002.tb06007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084276"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"LodwickRK JohnsonMA SmithCJ et al.Effect of patient smoking status on CD4 count change after initiation of antiretroviral therapy Royal Free HIV Cohort Database https:\/\/www.ucl.ac.uk\/royalfreehivdb(downloaded 11 January 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"1124","article-title":"Influence of HIV\u20101 infection and cigarette smoking on leukocyte profiles in homosexual men","volume":"5","author":"Park LP","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199004000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-303"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2014.888949"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"BeckF RichardJ\u2010B GuignardR Le N\u00e9zetO SpilkaS.Les niveaux d'usage des drogues en France en 2014 (Inpes OFDT). Tendances2015.http:\/\/www.ofdt.fr\/BDD\/publications\/docs\/eftxfbv3.pdf(Accessed 11 January 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2007.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2008.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.904235"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu525"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.16.1789"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-200111010-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03608.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","unstructured":"WHO.Laboratory guidelines for enumerating CD4 T lymphocytes in the context of HIV\/AIDS World Health Organization Regional Office for South\u2010East Asia 2007:http:\/\/www.who.int\/hiv\/amds\/LaboratoryGuideEnumeratingCD4TLymphocytes.pdf(Accessed 11 January 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21178"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835b8c7f"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531248"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","unstructured":"WHO Expert Committee.Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry\u2014WHO technical report series 854.1995."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-005-9007-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00113-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SzulakowskaA MilnerowiczH.Cannabinoids\u2014influence on the immune system and their potential use in supplementary therapy of HIV\/AIDS. HIV AIDS\u2014InTech Available from:http:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/hiv\u2010and\u2010aids\u2010updates\u2010on\u2010biology\u2010immunology\u2010epidemiology\u2010andtreatment\u2010strategies\/cannabinoids\u2010influence\u2010on\u2010the\u2010immune\u2010system\u2010and\u2010their\u2010potencial\u2010use\u2010insupplementary\u2010 therapy\u2010of\u2010hiv; 2011 (Accessed 11 January 2016).","DOI":"10.5772\/20420"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.04.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2009.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","first-page":"1748","article-title":"Effects of cannabinoids on macromolecular synthesis and replication of cultured lymphocytes","volume":"36","author":"Nahas GG","year":"1977","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327104ht426oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078732"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1265484"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12223"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-006-9040-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","article-title":"Les niveaux d'usage des drogues en France en 2010, exploitation des donn\u00e9es du Barom\u00e8tre sant\u00e9 2010 [in French]","volume":"76","author":"Beck F","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tendances"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1402309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.062745"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis294"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120600841930"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.12.1784"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.6.892"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdar.12398","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fdar.12398","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.12398","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T12:40:27Z","timestamp":1696336827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dar.12398"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dar.12398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.12398","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-5236","1465-3362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-5236","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-06-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-01-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-04-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}