{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T12:52:14Z","timestamp":1792327934127,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]],"date-time":"2016-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Even though individuals with substance\u2010use disorders have a high prevalence of tobacco smoking, surprisingly little is known about smoking\u2010related mortality in these populations. The current retrospective cohort study aims to address this gap.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study sample included cohorts of individuals hospitalised in California between 1990 and 2005 with alcohol\u2010 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 509 422), cocaine\u2010 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 35 276), opioid\u2010 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 53 172), marijuana\u2010 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 15 995) or methamphetamine\u2010use (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 36 717) disorders. Death records were linked to inpatient data. Age\u2010, race\u2010 and sex\u2010adjusted standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were generated for 19 smoking\u2010related causes of death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smoking\u2010related conditions comprised 49% (79 188\/163 191) of total deaths in the alcohol, 40% (1412\/3570) in the cocaine, 39% (4285\/11 091) in the opioid, 42% (554\/1332) in the methamphetamine and 36% (1122\/3095) in the marijuana cohorts. The SMRs for all smoking\u2010linked diseases were: alcohol, 3.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.55 to 3.58); cocaine, 2.40 (95% CI = 2.39 to 2.41); opioid, 4.26 (95% CI = 4.24 to 4.27); marijuana, 3.73 (95% CI = 3.71 to 3.74); and methamphetamine, 2.58 (95% CI = 2.57 to 2.59). The SMRs for almost all of the 19 cause\u2010specific smoking\u2010related outcomes were elevated across cohorts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the current findings, addressing tobacco smoking among persons with substance\u2010use disorders should be a critical concern, especially given the heavy smoking\u2010related mortality burden and the currently limited attention devoted to smoking in these populations. [Callaghan RC, Gatley JM, Sykes J, Taylor L. The prominence of smoking\u2010related mortality among individuals with alcohol\u2010 or drug\u2010use disorders. <jats:italic>Drug Alcohol Rev<\/jats:italic> 2018;37:97\u2013105]<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,25]],"date-time":"2016-12-25T04:37:43Z","timestamp":1482640663000},"page":"97-105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The prominence of smoking\u2010related mortality among individuals with alcohol\u2010 or drug\u2010use disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Russell C.","family":"Callaghan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Medical Program University of Northern British Columbia  Prince George Canada"},{"name":"Human Brain Laboratory Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto  Toronto 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