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The structural context of substance use is an important shaper of individual behaviour; however, structural determinants of methamphetamine use among FSWs are largely unknown. We identified individual, structural and neighbourhood factors associated with smoking methamphetamine among FSWs in the border city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective cohort of 301 FSWs sampled from indoor and outdoor sex work venues throughout Tijuana participated in quantitative surveys on behaviours and mapping of home and work neighbourhoods across three visits. Multinomial logistic regression using generalised estimating equations identified individual, structural and neighbourhood variables associated with smoking methamphetamine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methamphetamine use, particularly smoking, was highly prevalent among FSWs. Over half (61%) of FSWs had ever used methamphetamine in their lifetime and at baseline, 38% currently smoked methamphetamine. Smoking methamphetamine daily was associated with living in the red light district [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)\u2009=\u20092.72, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20091.23\u20136.02] and with perceived homelessness, but only among women in a good financial situation (AOR\u2009=\u20094.08, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.58\u201310.50). Smoking methamphetamine less than daily was associated with older age (AOR\u2009=\u20091.06, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.02\u20131.10).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings point to the important dynamic between the residential environment and more severe methamphetamine use. FSWs may prioritise the purchase of methamphetamine over stable housing if they have the financial means. Given the high prevalence of smoking methamphetamine among FSWs in Tijuana, drug treatment options, especially for women living in the red light district, are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]],"date-time":"2017-12-08T01:39:14Z","timestamp":1512697154000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Structural factors associated with methamphetamine smoking among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1960-558X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin E.","family":"Conners","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California  San Diego USA"},{"name":"San Diego State University  San Diego USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommi L.","family":"Gaines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California  San Diego USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffanie A.","family":"Strathdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of California  San Diego USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Magis\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for the Prevention and Control of HIV and AIDS  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly C.","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine &amp; Public Health University of California  San Diego USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,7]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"The TEDS report: gender differences in primary substance of abuse across age groups","year":"2014","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2007.10399896"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-009-9377-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1550-8579(08)80005-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v40n03_03"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000260949.35304.22"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/527379"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-005-9019-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539512471969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-006-9039-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000174657.71276.9f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(06)80014-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(03)00082-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230801919486"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2009.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2006.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jtg082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-007-9051-0","article-title":"At the borders, on the edge: use of injected methamphetamine in Tijuana and ciudad Juarez, Mexico","volume":"10","author":"Case P","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","unstructured":"DibbleS.Record border meth seizures. 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