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We sought to characterise relapse into stimulant and opioid use among street\u2010involved youth in Vancouver, Canada.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected between 2005 and 2017 from the At\u2010Risk Youth Study, a prospective cohort study of street\u2010involved youth who use illicit drugs in Vancouver. Multivariable extended Cox regression was utilised to identify factors associated with relapse into illegal stimulants and\/or opioids among youth who had previously ceased using stimulants and\/or opioids for 6 months or longer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 246 participants who reported a period of cessation lasting 6 months or longer, 165 (67.1%) relapsed at some point during study follow\u2010up. Youth who were recently incarcerated (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]: 1.46), homeless (AHR: 1.43), or had a history of daily stimulant use (AHR: 1.48) were significantly more likely to report relapse, while youth of who identified as white (AHR: 0.74) were significantly less likely to report relapse (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relapse into stimulants and\/or opioids was common among youth in our setting, and incarceration, homelessness, and daily stimulant use were found to be positively associated with relapse among youth. Findings suggest that increased access to youth housing supports and alternatives to the criminalisation of drug use may help to reduce the rates of relapse into stimulants and\/or opioids in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,21]],"date-time":"2019-03-21T11:40:09Z","timestamp":1553168409000},"page":"428-434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Homelessness and incarceration associated with relapse into stimulant and opioid use among youth who are street\u2010involved in Vancouver, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Goldman\u2010Hasbun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"B.C. Centre on Substance Use  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Nosova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B.C. 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