{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T09:34:14Z","timestamp":1775813654698,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000972","name":"Australian Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004417","name":"Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>People who use drugs (PWUD) face several mental health problems. This report aims to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with psychological distress among Cambodian PWUD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data used in our analysis were from the national survey of 1626 PWUD recruited through respondent\u2010driven sampling method in Cambodia in 2012 to 2013. Distress was measured through self\u2010report by using the 10\u2010item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). All analyses were weighted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately half of PWUD had mild to severe psychological distress in the past four\u2009weeks (K10\u2009\u2265\u200920). In the adjusted analysis, being female (odds ratio 1.60; 95% confidence interval 1.22, 2.12) and having experienced living in rehabilitation centres (odds ratio 2.46; 95% confidence interval 1.56, 3.87) were associated with a higher risk of having moderate or severe psychological distress (K10\u2009\u2265\u200925).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Psychological distress was prevalent among Cambodian PWUD. PWUD who were female or experienced living in rehabilitation centres were more likely to report distress. Policy makers should consider shifting further from compulsory institutionalised treatment model to community\u2010based treatment program. Mental health assessment and mental health care services should be included in drug treatment programs and should be gender\u2010sensitive. Further research investigating other mental disorders among PWUD are also needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T02:22:57Z","timestamp":1571883777000},"page":"66-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Psychological distress among Cambodian people who use drugs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Heng","family":"Sopheab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, National Institute of Public Health Ministry of Health of Cambodia  Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sovanthida","family":"Suy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Department University of Health Sciences  Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chhorvann","family":"Chhea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, National Institute of Public Health Ministry of Health of Cambodia  Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophal","family":"Chhit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Ministry of Health  Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phalkun","family":"Mun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for HIV\/AIDS Dermatology and STIs, Ministry of Health  Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5794-5345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanh C.","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center  Oklahoma City USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"US National Institute on Drug Abuse. Common Comorbidities with Substance Use Disorders2018. Available at:https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/publications\/research-reports\/common-comorbidities-substance-use-disorders\/(accessed August 21 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: mental health findings","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Baseline survey on the enabling environment for most at risk populations in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: final report","author":"Schneiders M","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Human Rights Watch. Torture in the name of treatment: Human Rights Abuses in Vietnam China Cambodia and Lao PDR2012. Available at:https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2012\/07\/24\/torture-name-treatment\/human-rights-abuses-vietnam-china-cambodia-and-lao-pdr(accessed August 21 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"DohertyB.Cambodians beaten raped and killed at illegal detention camp funded by UN. The Guardian 28 November 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"National population size estimation, HIV related risk behaviors and HIV prevalence among people who use drugs in Cambodia in 2012","author":"Chhorvann C","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3472-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Respondent driven sampling","author":"Heckathorn DD","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2001.tb00310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"Centre for Culture Ethnicity and Health. Kessler 10 (K10) assessment form 2018. Available at:http:\/\/www.healthtranslations.vic.gov.au\/bhcv2\/bhcht.nsf\/PresentDetail?Open&s=Kessler_10_(K10)_Assessment_Form."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Guidance for community\u2010based treatment and care services for people affected by drug use and dependence in Southeast Asia. Thailand 2014. Available at:http:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/southeastasiaandpacific\/\/cbtx\/cbtx_guidance_EN.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"DaraM.Drug treatment 'more than doubled' in 2018. 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