{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T10:36:47Z","timestamp":1772966207162,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634601600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LP0776879 LP120200474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LP0776879 LP120200474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a lack of evidence regarding mental health disorder prevalence in people who use amphetamine\u2010type stimulants (ATS). This study compares prevalence in Australian young adults who used ATS and young adults who had never used, and examines potential predictors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Population\u2010based sampling was used to recruit young adults who used ATS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 224) and young adults who had never used ATS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 125). Thirty\u2010day prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD), post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mania\/hypomania were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Scale. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) of mental disorders in people who used ATS and the comparison group were examined, and a prediction model was developed for people who used ATS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found higher prevalence of PD (APR 4.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14\u201319.07, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.032) and PTSD (APR 1.68, 95% CI 1.10\u20132.55, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.016) in people who used ATS, compared to the comparison group, adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Baseline methamphetamine use was positively associated with MDD (ARR 6.45, 95% CI 1.51\u201327.59, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.012) and GAD (ARR 2.76, 95% CI 1.52\u20135.02, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). Baseline ecstasy use was negatively associated with GAD (ARR 0.52, 95% CI 0.30\u20130.92, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.025) and PD (ARR 0.15, 95% CI 0.05\u20130.48, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>PTSD and PD appear to be more common in young adults who use ATS. However, the relationship between ATS use and mental disorders is complex, with divergent patterns of association for ecstasy and methamphetamine use. Mental health screening in people using ATS may improve treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]],"date-time":"2020-10-19T14:13:17Z","timestamp":1603116797000},"page":"557-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The prevalence of mental health disorders among young adults who use amphetamine\u2010type stimulants, compared to young adults who do not"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3944-7099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malithi R.","family":"Thoradeniya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4729-7601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen L.","family":"Wessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, School of Public Health The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1970-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davoud","family":"Pourmarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Science The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7079-2080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jake M.","family":"Najman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, School of Public Health The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"School of Social Science The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2041-8864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Smirnov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, School of Public Health The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1057567717730104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/d29e3f27-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW).National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2019. Canberra.2020. Available at:https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/getmedia\/3564474e-f7ad-461c-b918-7f8de03d1294\/aihw-phe-270-NDSHS-2019.pdf.aspx?inline=true. (accessed August 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3132-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31819db6fe"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2013.09.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1763-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2009.00081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"232","article-title":"Ecstasy (MDMA) and high prevalence psychiatric symptomatology: somatic anxiety symptoms are associated with polydrug, not ecstasy, use","volume":"24","author":"Bedi G","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Psychopharamacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2006.10399824"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03266.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2015.17.3\/bbandelow"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3288-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2013.779157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00138"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2009.00159.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12239"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17570971211225145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2014.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW).2010.National Drug Strategy Household Survey report. Canberra. 2011. Available at:https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/getmedia\/85831350-afb6-4524-8d8d-764fa5d2d1f8\/12668-20120123.pdf.aspx."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1398"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-013-0714-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03514.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.4.652"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v3i0.17734"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2015.1025026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2019.1589521"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20751"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00125-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2010.00061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m07345"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(02)00250-6"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.13196","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dar.13196","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1111\/dar.13196","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.13196","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T05:46:00Z","timestamp":1693547160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dar.13196"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dar.13196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.13196","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-5236","1465-3362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-5236","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-06-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}