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Bayesian autoregressive time\u2010series analyses were conducted to estimate trend over time: Model 1, no change; Model 2, constant rate of change; and Model 3, change over time differing in rate after one change point.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Past\u2010year population prevalence of use increased over time. The percentage reporting recent use in sentinel samples increased by 6.1% (95% credible interval [CrI<jats:sub>95%<\/jats:sub>] 1.2%,16.9%; Model 3) per year from around 2017 (48%) until the end of the series (2019: 67%). There was a constant annual increase in number of seizures (count ratio: 1.1, CrI<jats:sub>95%<\/jats:sub> 1.1,1.2) and arrests (1.2, CrI<jats:sub>95%<\/jats:sub> 1.1,1.2), and percentage reporting cocaine as easy to obtain in the sentinel samples (percent increase 1.2%, CrI<jats:sub>95%<\/jats:sub> 0.5%,1.8%; Model 2). Cocaine\u2010related hospitalisation rate increased from 5.1 to 15.6 per 100\u2009000 people from around 2011\u20132012 to 2017\u20132018: an annual increase of 1.3 per 100\u2009000 people (CrI<jats:sub>95%<\/jats:sub> 0.8,1.8; Model 3). While the death rate was low (0.23 cocaine\u2010related deaths per 100\u2009000 people in 2018; Model 2), treatment episodes increased from 3.2 to 5.9 per 100\u2009000 people from around 2016\u20132017 to 2017\u20132018: an annual increase of 2.9 per 100\u2009000 people (CrI<jats:sub>95%<\/jats:sub> 1.6,3.7; Model 3).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cocaine use, availability and harm have increased, concentrated in recent years, and accompanied by increased treatment engagement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T18:06:00Z","timestamp":1614189960000},"page":"946-956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Trends in cocaine use, markets and harms in Australia, 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