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The current research adopted a gendered perspective to examine the effects of self\u2010control, drug\u2010use peers and family attachment on drug use frequency in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional survey research recruited 785 people who used drugs from four compulsory drug rehabilitation institutions in Guangdong and Shandong Province of China in 2018. Ordinary least squares regression analyses were conducted to examine the gendered effects of self\u2010control (Grasmick <jats:italic>et al<\/jats:italic>.'s cognitive scale), drug\u2010use peers and family attachment on drug use frequency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low self\u2010control was neither a significant nor gendered predictor of drug use frequency when controlling for effects of drug\u2010use peers and family attachment. Drug\u2010use peers strongly increased participants' drug use frequency, regardless of gender. However, an important finding is that for males, support from families reduced drug use frequency but conversely meeting and contact with families increased drug use frequency. For females, only trust in families prevented their further involvement in drug use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low self\u2010control may not be a core explanatory factor for drug use behaviours in China. Thus, treatment programs should focus more on skills building than self\u2010control. Future programs could focus more on reducing association with their drug\u2010use peers and further explore the complex relationships with their families. Gender should be considered in treatment options.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T19:33:24Z","timestamp":1618601604000},"page":"1369-1376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of self\u2010control, drug\u2010use peers and family attachment on drug use among Chinese users: A gender\u2010specific analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9221-5476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena Yunran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3333-224X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"Demant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"SCMP.China's synthetic drug problem growing government says [internet]. 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