{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:27:12Z","timestamp":1791581232242,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to explore trends and sociodemographic patterns in benzodiazepine (BZD) (by half\u2010life) and Z\u2010drugs prescribing in Australian general practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This open cohort study used de\u2010identified electronic health records of 1.4 million patients (50,812,413 consultations) from 402 Australian practices (MedicineInsight 2011\u20132018). Annual prescribing frequency and changes over time were estimated according to sex, age, socioeconomic position and rurality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between 2011 and 2018, the prescribing of very short\u2010acting BZD increased from 0.10 to 0.29 per 1000 consultations (average annual change +17.2% [95% CI 9.6; 25.3]), while it declined for short\u2010intermediate (from 38.5 to 26.6 per 1000 consultations; annual change \u22125.1% [95% CI \u22125.6; \u22124.5]), long\u2010acting BZD (from 24.1 to 21.6 per 1000 consultation; annual change \u22121.5% [95% CI \u22122.2; \u22120.8]) and Z\u2010drugs (from 4.6 to 4.0 per 1000 consultations; annual change \u22121.9% [95% CI \u22123.0; \u22120.7]). Short\u2010intermediate\u2010acting BZD prescribing was three times more frequent among women aged 65+ years than younger women, and long\u2010acting BZD three\u2010to\u2010four times more likely among younger than older men. Z\u2010drugs prescribing was higher among women aged 45\u201364\u2009years than younger or older females. Short\u2010intermediate\u2010 and long\u2010acting BZD were more likely prescribed for patients from more disadvantaged areas, and Z\u2010drugs in more advantaged areas. There were no disparities by rurality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although most BZD and Z\u2010drugs prescriptions declined over time, short\u2010intermediate BZD prescriptions remained higher among older women and long\u2010acting BZD more frequent among younger men, especially for those living in more disadvantaged areas. Targeted interventions could reduce the prescribing of BZD and Z\u2010drugs in these groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T04:41:04Z","timestamp":1665463264000},"page":"427-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Trends and patterns of benzodiazepines and Z\u2010drugs prescriptions in Australian general practice: A national study (2011\u20132018)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7153-2878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Gonzalez\u2010Chica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of General Practice Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide  Australia"},{"name":"Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Sleep Health, Flinders University  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6302-3697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mumtaz","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of General Practice Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6998-6419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Bernardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of General Practice Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7077-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Hoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of General Practice Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7900-1414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Sweetman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The University of Adelaide  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9018-0361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nigel","family":"Stocks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of General Practice Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide  Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners.Prescribing drugs of dependence in general practice Part B\u2014Benzodiazepines. 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