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In addition, relevant \u2018grey literature\u2019 (e.g., survey reports) was identified. Key indicator data were mainly narratively summarised.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, cannabis use has increased somewhat since pre\u20102010, with (past\u2010year) use rates measured at 2\u20133% for general population adults, yet 5% or higher among youth and\/or (e.g., post\u2010secondary) student populations. For key risk behaviours, the presence of tetrahydrocannabinol\u2010positivity among motor\u2010vehicle drivers has been measured at &lt;2%. While the prevalence of cannabis use disorder appears to have decreased, the relative proportion of treatment provided for cannabis\u2010related problems increased. National\u2010 and local\u2010based studies indicated an association of cannabis use with mental health harms, including depression and suicidality. Although some non\u2010representative and\/or local studies contain information, other monitoring data, including cannabis\u2010related risks and harms (e.g., cannabis\u2010related driving, mortality, hospitalisations), are limited in availability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications and Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of cannabis use in Brazil is comparably low (e.g., relative to elsewhere in the Americas). Data on numerous key cannabis\u2010related indicators is absent, or limited in scope for Brazil. Considering ongoing evolutions in cannabis control and its status as the most common illicit drug, more comprehensive surveillance of cannabis use and related outcomes is advised.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T08:37:38Z","timestamp":1669711058000},"page":"318-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cannabis use, risk behaviours and harms in Brazil: A comprehensive review of available data indicators"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9352-2873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitri","family":"Daldegan\u2010Bueno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, Faculty of Health Sciences Simon Fraser University  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9724-1561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila R.","family":"Lindner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8415-9614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas","family":"Kovaleski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Federal University of Santa Catarina  Florian\u00f3polis Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2186-4030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction, Faculty of Health Sciences Simon Fraser University  Vancouver Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Federal University of Sao Paulo  Sao Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"World drug report 2021 \u2010 drug market trends: cannabis & opioids","author":"UNODC","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Annual prevalence of drug use","author":"UNODC","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61530-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2009.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-021-00348-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"III Levantamento Nacional sobre o uso de drogas pela popula\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira [III National Survey on drug use by the Brazilian population]","author":"Bastos FIPM","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30819-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429427794"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31789-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Brasil. 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