{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:47:48Z","timestamp":1787014068992,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008460","name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AT009156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AT009156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA054487"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA054487"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007709","name":"Michigan State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007709","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The antiemetic properties of cannabis have motivated its use in the management of chemotherapy\u2010induced nausea and vomiting. Conversely, case reports of intractable vomiting among heavy cannabis users have increasingly appeared in the literature. Studies on cannabis and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) health are scare. Here, we use data for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES, 2005\u20132018) to estimate the association between cannabis use and GIT illness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study sample included non\u2010pregnant adult NHANES participants (20\u201359\u2009years) without history of cancer or HIV (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a018,753). Cannabis use was categorised into never, former (0\u00a0day in the past 30\u2009days), infrequent (1\u20132\u2009days), occasional (3\u201319\u2009days) and frequent (20\u201330\u2009days) use. Recent GIT illness was defined as experiencing GIT illness with vomiting or diarrhoea that started in the 30\u2009days prior to NHANES. Logistic regression was used to regress GIT illness on cannabis use, adjusting for potential confounders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to never use, frequent cannabis use was associated with higher odds of GIT illness (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.4; 95% confidence interval 1.04, 1.9). There were no associations between former, infrequent or occasional cannabis use and GIT illness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Frequent cannabis use is associated with GIT illnesses in a large cross\u2010sectional study of US residents. It is possible that frequent cannabis use adversely affects GIT health, consistent with clinical case reports. Alternatively, patients with GIT illness might self\u2010medicate with cannabis given its antiemetic properties. Prospective studies are needed to understand the effects of cannabis use on GIT health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T02:30:22Z","timestamp":1675391422000},"page":"785-790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cannabis use and gastrointestinal tract illnesses: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2005\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0971-1485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa","family":"Vanderziel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5968-0245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omayma","family":"Alshaarawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160813214023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: the current state of evidence and recommendations for research","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.110.003004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.09.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.148791"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld-265"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640619889773"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000494992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2019.0059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cem.2017.381"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13606","article-title":"Role of chronic cannabis use: cyclic vomiting syndrome vs cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Venkatesan T","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data. Hyattsville MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2010. Available from:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/index.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Alcohol and gut\u2010derived inflammation","volume":"38","author":"Bishehsari F","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbx029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2004.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000520417"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"603","article-title":"A comprehensive review of cannabis potency in the United States in the last decade","volume":"6","author":"ElSohly MA","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psych Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-06047-8"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.13609","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dar.13609","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.13609","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T23:23:38Z","timestamp":1701818618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dar.13609"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dar.13609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.13609","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-5236","1465-3362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-5236","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}