{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T02:07:07Z","timestamp":1749694027468,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA042290","R01DA049730"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA042290","R01DA049730"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) use mandates are an important policy tool to curb nonmedical opioid use. However, data are scarce about their efficacy on other commonly used prescription drugs such as stimulants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used 2010\u20132020 state\u2010level secondary data from Medicaid State Drug Utilisation Data and quasi\u2010experimental difference\u2010in\u2010differences research design to estimate the association between PDMP use mandates and population\u2010adjusted stimulants (amphetamines and methylphenidate) prescribing outcomes: (i) number of prescriptions filled; and (ii) total amount reimbursed in US dollars. To account for heterogeneity in mandates across US states, two policy variables were considered: limited and expansive. Limited PDMP use mandates require prescribers or dispensers to check the PDMP only when prescribing\/dispensing opioids or benzodiazepines, while expansive PDMP use mandates are non\u2010specific to opioids\/benzodiazepines and require prescribers or dispensers to check the PDMP when prescribing\/dispensing targeted controlled substances in Drug Enforcement Agency Schedule II\u2013V. The sample included 49 US states and the District of Columbia. Nevada was excluded since it implemented the PDMP mandate before the period of analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The state\u2010wide implementation of the PDMP use mandate, either limited or expansive, was not associated with the number of prescriptions filled or the total amount reimbursed in US dollars for stimulants among Medicaid enrollees.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no evidence for the associations between PDMP use mandates and stimulant prescribing among Medicaid enrollees. Future works are encouraged to replicate the study in other populations and with longer post\u2010period analysis when the impact of the mandates might be more successfully materialised.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T05:59:56Z","timestamp":1688536796000},"page":"1658-1666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association between prescription drug monitoring programs use mandates and prescription stimulants received by Medicaid enrollees"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3861-760X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Gunadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San Diego  La Jolla USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9293-0659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuyan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San Diego  La Jolla USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Medicaid Managed Care Enrollment and Program Characteristics 2019","year":"2021","author":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Poisoning deaths involving opioid analgesics\u2014New York state, 2003\u20132012","volume":"64","author":"Sharp MJ","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Overdose deaths involving prescription opioids among Medicaid enrollees\u2010Washington, 2004\u20102007","volume":"58","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227966"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Prescription Drug Monitoring Center for Excellence.Mandating PDMP participation by medical providers: current status and experience in selected states.2014."},{"volume-title":"Bureau of justice assistance prescription drug monitoring program performance measures report: January 2009 through June 2012","year":"2014","author":"Kreiner P","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.01316"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/ajhe_a_00101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1514387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.109232"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/pol.20160094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2019.00103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2020.102397"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.1496"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13741"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.0804"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.22098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2020.102408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1695707"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14878"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2022.100190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2019.1686722"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.Medicaid Facts and Figures.2020Available from:https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/newsroom\/fact-sheets\/medicaid-facts-and-figures"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Drug Abuse.Commonly abused prescription drugs 2011. 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