{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:36:31Z","timestamp":1770824191317,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003921","name":"Department of Health and Aged Care, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["pericles.pericles-gcp.literatumonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is concern around non\u2010prescribed benzodiazepine use, particularly with increasing detections of counterfeit products containing high\u2010risk novel compounds. The aims of this study were to investigate how and which non\u2010prescribed benzodiazepines are being sourced; forms, appearance and packaging; and awareness of risks associated with non\u2010prescribed benzodiazepines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected from a sample of Australians who inject drugs or use ecstasy and\/or other illicit stimulants on a monthly or more frequent basis, and who reported past 6\u2010month use of non\u2010prescribed benzodiazepines (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009235 and <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009250, respectively). Data were collected on source, diversion from a known\/trusted prescription, product name and aesthetic characteristics for the last non\u2010prescribed benzodiazepine obtained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amongst participants who injected drugs, 71% reported that their last non\u2010prescribed benzodiazepines were diverted from a known\/trusted prescription, compared to 59% of participants who used ecstasy\/other stimulants. Sourcing via cryptomarkets was rare. Across both samples, the majority reported last obtaining substances sold\/marketed as diazepam or alprazolam. Participants sourcing via non\u2010diverted means were twice as likely to obtain alprazolam. Known sourcing of novel compounds was rare. Amongst participants who used ecstasy\/other stimulants, 36% reported confidence in the content\/dose of non\u2010prescribed benzodiazepines even when the source is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most participants obtained substances sold as classic\/registered benzodiazepines, mostly via diverted prescriptions, with a substantial minority potentially unaware of counterfeits circulating. While diverted use undeniably presents risks, tightening of prescriptions in Australia could inadvertently lead to greater supply of novel benzodiazepines as seen internationally, reinforcing prioritisation of demand and harm reduction strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T17:00:26Z","timestamp":1690304426000},"page":"1559-1565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Real or fake? Sourcing and marketing of non\u2010prescribed benzodiazepines amongst two samples of people who regularly use illicit drugs in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0095-9794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jodie","family":"Grigg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute Curtin University  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5705-2026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology University of Tasmania  Hobart Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7013-9812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Lenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute Curtin University  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Salom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Science Research University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seraina","family":"Agramunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute Curtin University  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3714-7626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Science Research University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health and Wellbeing Division, Department of Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5337-1751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2016.05.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2015.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","volume-title":"Trends in overdose and other drug\u2010induced deaths in Australia, 1997\u20132020","author":"Chrzanowska A","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1569456"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103512"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-4656"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.896"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.11590"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2020.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drugs in Australia"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7034a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.National drug strategy household survey 2019: detailed findings.2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","volume-title":"Australian drug trends 2021: key findings from the National Ecstasy and related drugs reporting system (EDRS) interviews","author":"Sutherland R","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.14108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","unstructured":"Therapeutic Goods Administration.Counterfeit alprazolam 2mg and Kalma 2 tablets;2020. 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