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There has been an increase in these infections in people who inject drugs internationally over the past 10\u2009years. However, the local data regarding acute infections in Australia has not been well described.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>We review the epidemiology of acute infections and associated morbidity and mortality amongst people who inject drugs in Australia. We summarise risk factors for these infections, including the concurrent social and psychological determinants of health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proportion of people who report having injected drugs in the prior 12\u2009months in Australia has decreased over the past 18\u2009years. However, there has been an increase in the burden of acute infections in this population. This increase is driven largely by skin and soft tissue infections. People who inject drugs often have multiple conflicting priorities that can delay engagement in care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute infections in people who inject drugs are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Acute infections contribute to significant bed days, surgical requirements and health\u2010care costs in Australia. The increase in these infections is likely due to a complex interplay of microbiological, individual, social and environmental factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute infections in people who inject drugs in Australia represent a significant burden to both patients and health\u2010care systems. Flexible health\u2010care models, such as low\u2010threshold wound clinics, would help directly target, and address early interventions, for these infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T00:43:53Z","timestamp":1700873033000},"page":"304-314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Epidemiology of acute infections in people who inject drugs in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0447-7917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy O.","family":"Attwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne 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