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This study examined daily within\u2010person variation in subjective sleep quality among individuals with anxiety symptoms after cannabis or alcohol were used alone, and after co\u2010use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 347 individuals with intentions to use cannabis to cope with anxiety reported their cannabis and alcohol use in the previous 24\u2009h and their previous nights' sleep quality for 30 consecutive days. Mixed\u2010effects models examined whether the within\u2010person daily variation in use of cannabis and alcohol (alone and co\u2010use) was associated with subjective sleep quality. Models also examined whether daily cannabis and alcohol use associations with sleep were moderated by frequency of cannabis, alcohol and co\u2010use during the study period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to non\u2010use, participants reported better sleep after cannabis\u2010use\u2010only and after co\u2010use, but not after alcohol\u2010use\u2010only. People who more frequently use alcohol and cannabis reported sleeping better after cannabis\u2010use\u2010only days compared to those who use cannabis and alcohol less frequently.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study's utilisation of naturalistic data among individuals with anxiety symptoms replicated previously reported experimental findings among individuals without sleep and anxiety problems that overall, cannabis is associated with higher subjective sleep quality. The results expand upon other research to suggest that more frequent use of alcohol and cannabis may moderate daily associations of cannabis use and sleep, potentially through pharmacokinetics and cross\u2010sensitisation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T22:32:42Z","timestamp":1700605962000},"page":"501-511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Daily diary study of associations between alcohol, cannabis, co\u2010use and sleep quality in individuals with intentions to use cannabis to cope with anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9398-0727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon R.","family":"Sznitman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of Haifa  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9e","family":"Martin\u2010Willett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of Colorado \u2013 Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"WenHao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Science University of Colorado \u2013 Boulder  Boulder Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hollis C.","family":"Karoly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6762-7586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. 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