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The aim of this study is to assess the impact of early closing on alcohol consumption, liver disease mortality rates, drunkenness and various forms of injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Time series analysis was undertaken using an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages modelling technique. Relevant data were derived from annual publications of the Australian Bureau of Statistics and its predecessor organisations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early closing had a substantial downward effect on alcohol consumption across 1901\u20132006. It had a substantial and beneficial effect on liver disease mortality. Drunkenness rates declined pre\u2010World War II (WWII), though they increased post\u2010WWII. Rates for homicide decreased substantially, and close to substantially for suicide and female homicide. Early closing impacts were more beneficial pre\u2010WWII than post\u2010WWII.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early closing has not been favourably remembered in Australia in recent years. However, all pre\u2010WWII impacts of early closing were beneficial including public drunkenness rates. Post\u2010WWII, beneficial effects were less clear\u2010cut and drunkenness increased. Resistance to early closing may also have arisen in the 1950s as families had more disposable income and ability to consume alcohol. While universal six o'clock closing is no longer feasible or desirable, opening hours and days for hotels are still part of the policy discussion in Australia. The experience of early closing pre\u2010WWII gives confidence that the impacts of these can be beneficial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T17:01:21Z","timestamp":1701709281000},"page":"491-500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Early closing of hotels: Impacts on alcohol consumption, drunkenness, liver disease and injury mortality"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8450-7949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Dunt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8394-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol Policy Research La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5618-385X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Room","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol Policy Research La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10314618008595637"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190841577.001.0001"},{"volume-title":"Alcohol and temperance in modern history: an international encyclopedia","year":"2013","author":"Blocker JS","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1"},{"volume-title":"The history of temperance in Australia [Internet]","year":"2015","author":"Taylor E","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TaylorE.Dry zones and other temperance hangovers.www.rmit.edu.au. 2018. 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