{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:27:06Z","timestamp":1787318826729,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000034","name":"Institute of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SMN\u201013950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SMN\u201013950"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000034","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabis legalisation was enacted on 17 October 2018 in Canada. Accordingly, the effects of cannabis legalisation on patterns of cannabis consumption were examined among adolescents, including on cannabis initiation, any cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis dependence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from a biennial population\u2010based, cross\u2010sectional survey of students in Ontario were pooled in a pre\u2010post design (2001\u20102019;\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 89,238). Participants provided self\u2010reports of cannabis initiation, any cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis dependence. Long\u2010term trends in these patterns of cannabis consumption over two decades of observation were characterised to provide a broader context of usage. The effects of cannabis legalisation on patterns of cannabis consumption were quantified using logistic regression analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Long\u2010term trends over the two decades of observation indicated that cannabis initiation decreased and then increased (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0220), any cannabis use decreased and daily cannabis use decreased (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001, respectively) and cannabis dependence remained unchanged (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.1187). However, in comparisons between the pre\u2010cannabis legalisation period (2001\u20132017) and the post\u2010cannabis legalisation period (2019), cannabis legalisation was not associated with cannabis initiation (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval 1.00; 0.79\u20131.27), but it was associated with an increased likelihood of any cannabis use (1.31; 1.12\u20131.53), daily cannabis use (1.40; 1.09\u20131.80) and cannabis dependence (1.98; 1.29\u20133.04).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabis legalisation was not associated with cannabis initiation, but it was associated with an increased likelihood of any cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis dependence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T11:13:28Z","timestamp":1701170008000},"page":"764-774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effects of cannabis legalisation on patterns of cannabis consumption among adolescents in\n                    <scp>Ontario, Canada<\/scp>\n                    (2001\u20132019)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6812-4892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sameer","family":"Imtiaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5192-4188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeshambel 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University  London Canada"},{"name":"School of Psychology Deakin University  Geelong Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Elton\u2010Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research Centre for Addiction and Mental Health  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University  London Canada"},{"name":"School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa  Ottawa Canada"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Lakehead University  Thunder Bay Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Cannabis legalization and regulation Ottawa","author":"Government of 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