{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T01:13:13Z","timestamp":1773709993084,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]],"date-time":"2023-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Substance use, including drugs, alcohol and smoking have a significant health, social and economic impact. We aim to assess the rate and factors associated with treatment access among individuals with high\u2010risk substance use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is a cross\u2010sectional analysis of the 2019 Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200922,015). Participants were persons with high\u2010risk substance use based on the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test\u2014Lite (ASSIST\u2010Lite) and current smokers. We measured self\u2010reports of past 12\u2010month engagement in a tobacco, alcohol or other drugs treatment program.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 0.4% had high\u2010risk drug use (0.3% cannabis, 0.1% meth\/amphetamine or 0.1% opioids), 7.4% had high\u2010risk alcohol use, and 14.0% currently smoked. Among high\u2010risk users, past 12\u2010month treatment access rates were 50.6% [22.3\u201378.9%] for opioids, 27.1% [8.1\u201346.1%] for meth\/amphetamine, 14.5% [4.3\u201324.7%] for cannabis, 9.6% [8.1\u201311.0%] for alcohol and 11.7% [10.6\u201312.9%] for current smoking. The primary source of treatment support was information and education (12.7% drugs, 4.6% alcohol, 4.0% smoking), followed by counselling (6.7% drugs, 4.5% alcohol, 3.0% smoking). Online or internet support was accessed by 5.9% (drug) and 1.6% (alcohol) people with high\u2010risk use. Psychological distress was associated with treatment access (drugs: odds ratio 3.03 [0.77\u201311.95], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.111; alcohol: odds ratio 3.16 [2.20\u20134.56], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001; smoking: odds ratio 1.95 [1.52\u20132.49], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proportion of people engaging in risky substance use who had used treatment programs remains low, especially for alcohol. Public health strategies to scale up treatment access are warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,13]],"date-time":"2023-12-13T07:05:42Z","timestamp":1702451142000},"page":"688-693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Participation in Australian drug treatment programs for individuals engaging in high\u2010risk substance use: Data from a nationally representative sample"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5816-2959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janni","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3188-0173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tesfa Mekonen","family":"Yimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"Psychiatry Department Bahir Dar University  Bahir Dar Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8729-3330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne D.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason P.","family":"Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7569-1948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary Chung Kai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15357"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14599"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.11.1065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Alcohol and other drug treatment services in Australia annual report","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-72619-9_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14609"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14660"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-88-470-5322-9_62"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00122-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"AIHW.National drug strategy household survey 2019 technical information.2020Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Canberra Australia."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"ChanGandStatsNotebook Team 2020. 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