{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:32:50Z","timestamp":1790793170351,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Linkage Projects scheme (LP160100352)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Linkage Projects scheme (LP160100352)."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The administration of illicit drugs by injection is associated with considerable harm, including an increased risk of overdose. The chemical analysis of used syringes can enhance knowledge on injecting drug consumption beyond traditional data sources (self\u2010report surveys). This additional information may be useful during significant global events like the COVID\u201019 pandemic. This study aimed to examine a snapshot of the drugs injected at the Medically Supervised Injecting Centre (MSIC) in Sydney, Australia, in 2019\u20132020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Used syringes were collected from MSIC across three periods throughout 2019 and 2020 (February 2019, March\u2014April 2020 and June\u2014September 2020). Drug residues were extracted from used syringes using methanol before detection by gas chromatography\u2014mass spectrometry and ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography\u2014tandem mass spectrometry. The chemical analysis results were compared to self\u2010report data obtained from MSIC clients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heroin (46\u201353%), methamphetamine (24\u201334%) and pharmaceutical opioids (15\u201327%) were the most common drug residues detected. The chemically detected drugs had declining coherence with the drugs self\u2010reported by MSIC clients across the time periods examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no significant change in the drugs injected (heroin, methamphetamine and pharmaceutical opioids) across the three periods collected throughout varying COVID\u201019 lockdown restrictions. Changes in the frequency of other drugs injected and discrepancies between chemical analysis and self\u2010report were potentially related to regulatory changes, degradation or misinformed sales. Routine chemical analysis of used syringes has provided an alternative information source to promote awareness of current drug trends and aid harm reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]],"date-time":"2023-12-25T07:40:14Z","timestamp":1703490014000},"page":"787-798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A snapshot of injecting drug consumption from the analysis of used syringes within the Medically Supervised Injecting Centre in Sydney, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4418-6471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harrison","family":"Fursman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Forensic Science University of Technology Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Finch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Forensic Science University of Technology Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Forensic Science University of Technology Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Lefran\u00e7ois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Criminal Justice, Faculty of Law, Criminal Justice and Public Administration University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Forensic Science University of Technology Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uniting Medically Supervised Injecting Centre  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Latimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uniting Medically Supervised Injecting Centre  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Chadwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Forensic Science University of Technology Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Forensic Science University of Technology Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Morelato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Forensic Science University of Technology Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Needle syringe program national minimum data collection: national data report 2020","author":"Heard S","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Australian needle syringe program survey National Data Report 2016\u20132020: prevalence of HIV, HCV and injecting and sexual behaviour among NSP attendees","author":"Heard S","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Australian drug trends 2020: key findings from the national illicit drug reporting system (IDRS) interviews","author":"Peacock A","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"National Drug Strategy 2017\u20132026","author":"Department of Health","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713659379"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"NSW drug summit 1999: government plan of action","author":"NSW Government","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-021-00471-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","author":"United Nations","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Illicit drug data report 2019\u201320","author":"Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","author":"United Nations","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"European drug report 2021: trends and developments","author":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.646206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-022-00601-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103237"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkx013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"An analysis of drugs in used syringes from sentinel European cities: results from the ESCAPE project, 2018 and 2019","author":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2021.111083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107909"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.3284"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304694"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2759"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"StorenR CorriganN.COVID\u201019: a chronology of state and territory government announcements (up until 30 June 2020). Research Paper Series 2020\u201321: Parliament of Australia; Department of Parliamentary Services.2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00049182.2022.2074622"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2335"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","volume-title":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","volume-title":"Impact of COVID\u201019 and associated restrictions on people who inject drugs in Australia: findings from the illicit drug reporting system 2020. Drug trends bulletin series","author":"Peacock A","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","volume-title":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre","author":"Baillie G","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","volume-title":"National wastewater drug monitoring program\u2014report 19","author":"Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","volume-title":"Benefits and risks of pharmaceutical opioids: essential treatment and diverted medication a global review of availability, extra\u2010medical use, injection and the association with HIV Sydney, Australia","author":"Degenhardt L","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2017.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","volume-title":"National opioid pharmacotherapy statistics annual data collection","author":"Australian Institute of Health Welfare","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-020-00370-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2003.tb00832.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-022-01209-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","volume-title":"National guidelines for medication\u2010assisted treatment of opioid dependence","author":"Gowing L","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.103976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","volume-title":"Opioid overdose prevention and management for injecting drug users","author":"Rao R","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.13803","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.13803","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T04:42:22Z","timestamp":1709268142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dar.13803"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dar.13803"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.13803","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-5236","1465-3362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-5236","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-09-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}