{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T17:08:55Z","timestamp":1771607335622,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007281","name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute alcohol toxicity is a significant component of alcohol\u2010related mortality. The study aimed to: (i) determine the circumstances of death and characteristics of fatal alcohol toxicity cases, 2011\u20132022; (ii) determine their toxicological profile and major autopsy findings; and (iii) determine trends in population mortality rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective study of acute alcohol toxicity deaths in Australia, 2011\u20132022, retrieved from the National Coronial Information System.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 891 cases were identified, with a mean age of 49.2\u2009years, 71.0% being male. Alcohol use problems were noted in 71.3%. In 57.5% death was attributed solely to acute alcohol toxicity, and combined acute alcohol toxicity\/disease in 42.5%. There was evidence of sudden collapse in 24.9% of cases. The mean BAC was 0.331\u2009g\/100\u2009mL (range 0.107\u20130.936), and spirits were the most commonly reported beverages (35.8%). Cases of combined toxicity\/disease had significantly lower BACs than those attributed solely to alcohol toxicity (0.296 vs. 0.358\u2009g\/100\u2009mL). Cardiomegaly was diagnosed in 32.5%, and severe coronary artery disease in 22.1%. Aspiration of vomitus was noted in 18.0%, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 19.6%. Severe liver steatosis was present in 33.4% and 13.6% had cirrhosis. There was an average annual percentage increase in deaths of 7.90.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The \u2018typical\u2019 case was a long\u2010standing, heavy spirits drinker. BACs showed enormous variation and no arbitrary concentration may be deemed lethal. Clinically significant disease was associated with death at a lower BAC and people with such disease may be at increased risk of alcohol poisoning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T17:00:36Z","timestamp":1707757236000},"page":"937-945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characteristics, toxicology and major organ pathology of deaths due to acute alcohol toxicity in Australia, 2011\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8718-7055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shane","family":"Darke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug &amp; Alcohol Research Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Duflou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug &amp; Alcohol Research Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5705-2026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug &amp; Alcohol Research Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Chrzanowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug &amp; Alcohol Research Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2791-6858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wing See","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug &amp; Alcohol Research Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug &amp; Alcohol Research Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Lappin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug &amp; Alcohol Research Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040912"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"10th special report to the US congress on alcohol and health","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(03)00058-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12191"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14239"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23907\/2014.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2012.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2013.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002580249003000203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2002420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/rsmmsl.49.4.257"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107722"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00163-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04649.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20961790.2019.1572259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)90674-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)91285-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)64946-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)64945-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"spss for Windows, 27.0","author":"IBM Inc.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","volume-title":"National, state and territory population. 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