{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:31:44Z","timestamp":1793089904949,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Public stigma towards people who use drugs is widespread and places obstacles in way of their recovery. Previous studies have used different approaches to measure public stigma, resulting in a notable gap in the understanding of the relationship between it and its associated factors. Some studies measure public stigma by assessing stigma perceived by those who use drugs, while others investigate attitudes towards them among the general public. This study aimed to compare perceived and public stigma, and factors related to these two variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study comprised a cross\u2010sectional survey in China of two samples: males who used drugs (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009257) and the general public (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009376). The survey assessed demographic variables, social distance, public stigma and perceived stigma of those who use drugs. The data were analysed using <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests and linear regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Public stigma was significantly higher than perceived stigma. The findings indicated that gender, knowledge of drugs, family relationships with people who use drugs, attributions of drug use and social distance were significantly related to levels of public stigma. Among those who use drugs, perceived stigma was significantly correlated with age, marital status, duration of drug abstinence and social distance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings indicate that public stigma undermines the recovery of people who use drugs and highlight the importance of interaction between them and the social environment. The study also underscores the necessity of developing policies to enhance their integration into mainstream culture and provide access to social support and life activities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T03:04:26Z","timestamp":1707361466000},"page":"861-873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Policies for recovery from drug use: Differences between public stigma and perceived stigma and associated factors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4951-9861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tingyu","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work and Social Administration The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work East China University of Political Science &amp; Law  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work East China University of Political Science &amp; Law  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"World Drug Report 2021","author":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"China Anti\u2010drug Network.2021 Drug report in China. 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