{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T15:34:07Z","timestamp":1770824047500,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1103165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1103165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009287","name":"NSW Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009287","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020537","name":"Merck Sharp and Dohme Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017037","name":"Cepheid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Understanding needle\/syringe sharing is crucial for reducing hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and reinfection. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with needle\/syringe sharing among people who inject drugs in Australia, including those previously receiving HCV treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ETHOS Engage study was an observational cohort study which collected self\u2010reported survey data on demographic and drug use information from people who inject drugs attending drug treatment clinics and needle and syringe programs over two waves between May 2018 and June 2021. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with needle\/syringe sharing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 1555\/2395 people enrolled in ETHOS Engage (65%) injected drugs in the past month. Among these, 432 (28%) reported needle\/syringe sharing in the past month and 276 (18%) reported receptive sharing. Factors associated with receptive sharing included younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28\u20132.30), recent incarceration (aOR 2.04; 95% CI 1.40\u20132.94), more frequent injecting (\u2265daily vs. less than weekly; aOR 2.59; 95% CI 1.75\u20133.84) and unstable housing (aOR 1.78; 95% CI 1.26\u20132.52). Among 560 participants with prior HCV treatment, 87 (16%) reported receptive sharing with younger age (aOR 2.42; 95% CI 1.45\u20134.05) and daily or greater injection frequency (aOR 2.51; 95% CI 1.31\u20134.83) associated with receptive sharing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Needle\/syringe sharing was common among this population accessing harm reduction services. This study identifies high\u2010risk populations with needle\/syringe sharing. Research is needed to optimise HCV treatment to ensure people with ongoing risk behaviours receive adequate harm reduction following treatment to prevent reinfection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T17:00:16Z","timestamp":1713373216000},"page":"1019-1028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Needle and syringe sharing among people who have recently injected drugs in Australia: The <scp>ETHOS<\/scp> Engage Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Farooq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, UNSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8608-2558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Valerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, UNSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Wheeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, UNSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9444-0186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne","family":"Martinello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, UNSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NSW Users and AIDS Association  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Silk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, UNSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8513-2218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louisa","family":"Degenhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5422-3777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phillip","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, UNSW  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Kirketon Road Centre  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4741-2622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Dore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, UNSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1833-2017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Grebely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, UNSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8048-3473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan B.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kirby Institute, UNSW  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the ETHOS Engage Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30375-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30373-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global progress report on HIV viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections 2021. Accountability for the global health sector strategies 2016\u20132021: actions for impact. Geneva Licence: CC BY\u2010NC\u2010SA 30 IGO. 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102866"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa571"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2022.103706"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.16.1789"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Australian needle syringe program survey national data report 2016\u20132020: prevalence of HIV, HCV and injecting and sexual behaviour among NSP attendees","author":"Heard S","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2018.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.102619"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081715"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1762-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2018.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.5845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00077-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459316660859"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.13828","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T09:23:06Z","timestamp":1715937786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dar.13828"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dar.13828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.13828","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-5236","1465-3362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-5236","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}