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This literature broadly illustrates racial\/ethnic minorities' increasing nonmedical use of opioids, heightened burdens of fatal overdoses, specifically in relation to polydrug use and synthetic opioids, with notable elevations among Black\/Latino subgroups, in addition uneven opioid prescribing patterns. Moreover, the literature implicates a variety of unique risk environments corresponding to dynamics such as residential segregation, provider bias, overpolicing, acculturative stress, patient distrust, and limited access to mental health care services and drug treatment resources, including medications for opioid use disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>There has been a lack of rigorous, targeted study on racial\/ethnic minorities who use opioids, but evidence highlights burgeoning increases in usage, especially polydrug\/synthetic opioid use, and disparities in prescriptions and fatal overdose risk\u2010phenomena tied to multi\u2010level forms of entrenched disenfranchisement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a need for further research on the complex, overlapping risk environments of\u00a0racial\/ethnic minorities who use opioids, including deeper inclusion of Indigenous and Asian individuals, and efforts to generate greater methodological synergies in population classification and reporting guidelines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,22]],"date-time":"2024-04-22T08:29:25Z","timestamp":1713774565000},"page":"1143-1159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Opioid use, prescribing and fatal overdose patterns among racial\/ethnic minorities in the United States: A scoping review and conceptual risk environment model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9884-7909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerel M.","family":"Ezell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health University of California Berkeley  Berkeley USA"},{"name":"Berkeley Center for Cultural Humility University of California Berkeley  Berkeley 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