{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T06:03:12Z","timestamp":1774936992730,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012450","name":"Alcohol Change UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017RI\/100040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017RI\/100040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012450","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed the prevalence of prescribing of certain medications for alcohol dependence and the extent of any inequalities in receiving prescriptions for individuals with such a diagnosis. Further, we compared the effectiveness of two of the most prescribed medications (acamprosate and disulfiram) for alcohol dependence and assessed whether there is inequality in prescribing either of them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used a nationwide dataset on prescriptions and hospitalisations in Scotland, UK (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919,748). We calculated the percentage of patients receiving alcohol dependence prescriptions after discharge, both overall and by socio\u2010economic groups. Binary logistic regressions were used to assess the odds of receiving any alcohol\u2010dependence prescription and the comparative odds of receiving acamprosate or disulfiram. Comparative effectiveness in avoiding future alcohol\u2010related hospitalisations (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911,239) was assessed using Cox modelling with statistical adjustment for potential confounding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Upto 7% of hospitalised individuals for alcohol use disorder received prescriptions for alcohol dependence after being discharged. Least deprived socio\u2010economic groups had relatively more individuals receiving prescriptions. Inequalities in prescribing for alcohol dependence existed, especially across sex and comorbidities: males had 12% (odds ratio [OR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81\u20130.96) and those with a history of mental health hospitalisations had 10% (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82\u20130.98) lower odds of receiving prescriptions after an alcohol\u2010related hospitalisation. Prescribing disulfiram was superior to prescribing acamprosate in preventing alcohol\u2010related hospitalisations (hazard ratio ranged between 0.60 and 0.81 across analyses). Disulfiram was relatively less likely prescribed to those from more deprived areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inequalities in prescribing for alcohol dependence exists in Scotland with lower prescribing to men and disulfiram prescribed more to those from least deprived areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T01:08:50Z","timestamp":1713920930000},"page":"1183-1193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence: Evidence on uptake, inequalities and comparative effectiveness from a <scp>UK<\/scp> population\u2010based cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2954-6774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Manca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3643-8165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niamh","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport &amp; Institute for Social Marketing University of Stirling  Stirling United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamish","family":"Innes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bhautesh","family":"Jani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6593-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srinivasa Vittal","family":"Katikireddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"McAuley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport &amp; Institute for Social Marketing University of Stirling  Stirling United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3811-8165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jim","family":"Lewsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Guidelines, in Alcohol\u2010Use Disorders: Diagnosis, Assessment and Management of Harmful Drinking and Alcohol Dependence. 2011, British Psychological Society (UK)Copyright \u00a9 2011","author":"National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30337-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174818"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.51254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency.Guideline on the development of medicinal products for the treatment of alcohol dependence. EMEA\/CHMP\/EWP\/20097\/2008.2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.1750101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152710790966641"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-103592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.Disulfiram. BNF British National Formulary. Available from:https:\/\/bnf.nice.org.uk\/drugs\/disulfiram\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agm136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agq017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2022.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13834"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"ScotlandI.General Acute Inpatient and Day Case\u2014Scottish Morbidity Record (SMR01)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"National Records of Scotland.Statistics and Data."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"Alcohol\u2010use disorders: diagnosis, assessment and management of harmful drinking and alcohol dependence","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"Scottish Government.Scottish index of multiple deprivation 2020 technical report. Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2020.2020. Available from:https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg115\/resources\/alcoholuse\u2010disorders\u2010diagnosis\u2010assessment\u2010and\u2010management\u2010of\u2010harmful\u2010drinking\u2010highrisk\u2010drinking\u2010and\u2010alcohol\u2010dependence\u2010pdf\u201035109391116229"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00271-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-019-0679-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000193606.58671.c5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2007.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","volume-title":"STATA statistical software: release 17 [manual]","author":"StataCorp L","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(197110)27:4<455::AID-JCLP2270270412>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-11-288"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-003320"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12147"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","volume-title":"Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data","author":"Wooldridge JM","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16050589"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.13841","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T07:34:44Z","timestamp":1720078484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dar.13841"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dar.13841"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.13841","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-5236","1465-3362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-5236","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}