{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:58:32Z","timestamp":1747184312112,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BSB452684","CUG171602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BSB452684","CUG171602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Limited data exists on psychological impacts of the COVID\u201019 pandemic among people who use drugs (PWUD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of severe psychological distress (PD) among PWUD in Montreal around the beginning of the pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a rapid assessment study from May to December 2020 among PWUD recruited via a community\u2010based cohort of people who inject drugs in Montreal (Hepatitis C cohort [HEPCO], <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009128) and community organisations (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200998). We analysed self\u2010reported data on changes in drug use behaviours and social determinants since the declaration of COVID\u201019 as a public health emergency, and assessed past\u2010month PD using the Kessler K6 scale. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine correlates of PD distress (score \u226513).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 226 survey participants, a quarter (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200956) were screened positive for severe PD. In multivariable analyses, age (1\u2010year increment) (adjusted odds ratio\u2009=\u20090.94, 95% confidence interval [0.90, 0.98]) and a decrease in non\u2010injection drug use versus no change (0.26 [0.07, 0.92]) were protective against severe PD, while positive associations were found for any alcohol use in the past 6\u2009months (3.73 [1.42, 9.78]), increased food insecurity (2.88 [1.19, 6.93]) and both moving around between neighbourhoods more (8.71 [2.63, 28.88]) and less (3.03 [1.18, 7.74]) often compared to no change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study documented a high prevalence of severe PD among PWUD during the COVID\u201019 pandemic compared with pre\u2010COVID\u201019 data. Social determinants such as food insecurity and mobility issues, alongside demographic and substance use\u2010related factors, were linked to distress. Evidence\u2010based risk mitigation strategies for this population could reduce negative consequences in future pandemics or disruptions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T05:15:35Z","timestamp":1715663735000},"page":"2077-2088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determinants of psychological distress during the <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 pandemic among people who use drugs in Montreal, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Iuliia","family":"Makarenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine McGill University  Montreal Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nanor","family":"Minoyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Canada"},{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stine","family":"Bordier H\u00f8j","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sasha","family":"Udhesister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Martel\u2010Laferri\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectiology Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8474-508X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Didier","family":"Jutras\u2010Aswad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addictology Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5602-4963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Larney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3484-6456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Bruneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Canada"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-021-00670-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2007.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13877"},{"volume-title":"Findings from the illicit drug reporting system (IDRS). 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