{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:30:31Z","timestamp":1792521031256,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol\u2010free drinks are suggested as healthy alternatives for alcohol consumption. To achieve benefits, alcohol\u2010free beverages must be consumed as a substitute for alcoholic beverages, not in addition. This study examined in a student sample (i) the frequency\/quantity of alcohol(\u2010free) consumption; (ii) the relationship between alcohol\u2010free and alcohol consumption; (iii) alcohol\u2010free drinks as substitution or in addition to alcoholic drinks; and (iv) possible gender differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Survey data regarding alcohol(\u2010free) consumption (May\u2013June 2022) of Dutch university students (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094.318, females 70.2%; males 28.5%, average age 22.6\u2009years [<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.4]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>(i) A total of 42.8% of the students indicated they had <jats:italic>never<\/jats:italic> consumed alcohol\u2010free versus 10.1% who <jats:italic>never<\/jats:italic> consumed alcoholic beverages; (ii) the group who <jats:italic>recently<\/jats:italic> consumed alcohol\u2010free also most often <jats:italic>recently<\/jats:italic> consumed alcoholic beverages (42.7%). The group that had <jats:italic>never<\/jats:italic> consumed alcohol\u2010free drank on average more alcoholic beverages (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.98 on a drinking day) compared to <jats:italic>past<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>recent<\/jats:italic> alcohol\u2010free drinkers (respectively, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.44 and <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093.59). (iii) Most students (54.9%) reported drinking alcohol\u2010free beverages in addition to alcohol, 17.4% indicated using it as a substitution. Students who consumed alcohol\u2010free as \u2018substitution\u2019 were older, more often living alone or with a partner, less often living with parents and more often involved in a steady relationship compared to students who consumed in \u2018addition\u2019. (iv) No prominent gender differences were found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of students remained consuming the same number of alcoholic beverages since they started consuming alcohol\u2010free beverages, pointing to an addition effect. A small group did use alcohol\u2010free beverages as a substitute for their alcohol consumption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T09:11:03Z","timestamp":1721985063000},"page":"1545-1558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Consumption of alcohol\u2010free and alcoholic beverages among Dutch university students: Substitution or addition?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6399-4880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martine M.","family":"Groefsema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten J. M.","family":"van Hooijdonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen V.","family":"Voogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trimbos Institute Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanneke","family":"Hendriks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3910-3528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacqueline M.","family":"Vink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Global status report on alcohol and health 2018","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30231-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa170"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Alcohol\u2010free and low\u2010strength drinks: understanding their role in reducing alcohol\u2010related harms","author":"Corfe S","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph181910347"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14183873"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13429"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Factsheet Alcoholvrije dranken","author":"Dorsselaer S","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"No\u2010 and low alcoholic drinks in Great Britain: monitoring report","author":"Holmes J","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30013-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2008.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2014.969396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"deWitGA EveraarsB BilderbeekB VisscherK HendrikxR VoogtC.Reclame voor en gebruik van alcoholvrije dranken.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"Do alcohol\u2010free drinks help heavy drinkers cut their drinking?. [cited 2023 Nov 1] Available from:https:\/\/alcoholchange.org.uk\/publication\/do\u2010alcohol\u2010free\u2010drinks\u2010help\u2010heavy\u2010drinkers\u2010cut\u2010their\u2010drinking"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-03085-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"Stichting Reclame Code.Advertising code for alcohol\u2010free and low\u2010alcohol beer.2021. [cited 2023 Nov 1] Available from:https:\/\/www.reclamecode.nl\/nrc\/advertising\u2010code\u2010for\u2010alcohol\u2010free\u2010and\u2010low\u2010alcohol\u2010beer\u2010rvaab\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","volume-title":"\u201cYou can be a hybrid when it comes to drinking\u201d: the marketing and consumption of no and low alcohol drinks in the UK","author":"Nicholls E","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12910"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"Stichting Reclame Code.Advertising code for alcoholic beverages 2014.2014. [cited 2023 Nov 1] Available from:https:\/\/www.reclamecode.nl\/nrc\/advertising\u2010code\u2010for\u2010alcoholic\u2010beverages\u20102014\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2050-0416.2008.tb00775.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5040-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","unstructured":"HolmesJ JohnsonJ.Evaluating and responding to the public health impact of no and low alcohol drinks: a multi\u2010method study of a complex intervention in a complex system.2022. [cited 2023 Nov 1] Available from:https:\/\/sarg-sheffield.ac.uk\/no-lo\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","volume-title":"A public health perspective on zero\u2010 and low alcohol beverages","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","volume-title":"Middelengebruik onder studenten van 16\u201318 jaar op het MBO en HBO 2019","author":"Dorsselaer S","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","unstructured":"MokinaroS VincenteJ BenedettiE CerraiS ColasanteE ArpaS et al. ESPAD Report 2019: Results from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs EMCDDA Joint Publications. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union;2020. [cited 2023 Nov 1] Available from:https:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/publications\/joint\u2010publications\/espad\u2010report\u20102019_en"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"vanLaarMW vanBeekRJJ BeenakkersEMT CrutsAAN KuinMC MeijerRF et al.Nationale Drug Monitor \u2013 kerncijfers en ontwikkelingen 2021 en 2022. Trimbos\u2010Instituut.2023. [cited 2023 Nov 1] Available from:http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/20.500.12832\/3165"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","unstructured":"DopmeijerJ NuijenJ BuschM TakN vanHasseltN.Monitor Mentale gezondheid en Middelengebruik Studenten hoger onderwijs. Deelrapport II. Middelengebruik van studenten in het hoger onderwijs. Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM.2021. [cited 2023 Nov 1] Available from:https:\/\/rivm.openrepository.com\/handle\/10029\/625363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","unstructured":"TuithofM deJongC.Alcoholgebruik in Nederland \u2013 Kerncijfers 2021. Trimbos Instituut.2022. [cited 2023 Nov 1] Available from:https:\/\/www.trimbos.nl\/aanbod\/webwinkel\/inf126-alcoholgebruik-in-nederland-kerncijfers-2021\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2021.1906278"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2010.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.103962"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","unstructured":"Behavioural Science Institute.Healthy student life. [cited 2023 Nov 1] Available from:https:\/\/www.ru.nl\/bsi\/research\/group-pages\/healthy-student-life\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2023.102307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020812"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.16.1789"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00314-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm S","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand J Stat"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2007.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","unstructured":"Ministerie van Volksgezondheid Welzijn en Sport.Nationaal Preventieakkoord.2018. [cited 2023 Nov 1] Available from:https:\/\/open.overheid.nl\/documenten\/ronl\u20101f7b7558\u20104628\u2010477d\u20108542\u20109508d913ab2c\/pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-022-03161-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agab028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674231200399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1996.57.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:EJEP.0000036814.56108.66"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.13905","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T15:41:11Z","timestamp":1726242071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dar.13905"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dar.13905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.13905","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-5236","1465-3362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-5236","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}