{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:58:38Z","timestamp":1747184318430,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article aims to characterise hospital admissions involving opioid toxicity across South Australia to guide future implementation and evaluation of risk mitigation strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition codes (T40.0\u2013T40.4) were used to identify admissions involving pre\u2010hospital opioid toxicity in public hospitals across South Australia from 1 June 2017 to 30 August 2020. Demographic and episode of care data were extracted and summarised using descriptive statistics. Admission cost estimates were calculated using Independent Hospital Pricing Authority data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 2046 cases met the criteria for inclusion; over half (56%) were female and median age on admission was 44\u2009years (interquartile range 27\u2009years). Where opioid toxicity was the primary diagnosis, 70% of admissions did not specify the responsible opioid and 23% were related to heroin use. One\u2010fifth of admissions occurred outside of metropolitan Adelaide. Individuals living in an area of relative socio\u2010economic disadvantage were over\u2010represented. Over half of admissions required a stay &gt;24\u2009h; 19% were admitted for \u22655\u2009days, 22% required intensive care and ~10% required mechanical ventilation. The total estimated cost of admissions involving opioid toxicity in South Australia over the 3\u2010year period was $18,230,546.50, equating to $5.6 million per annum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussions and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings highlight the significant personal, fiscal, and systemic impacts of opioid toxicity\u2010related hospital admissions in South Australia and provide a baseline to evaluate the effectiveness of initiatives to reduce opioid\u2010related harm, including real\u2010time prescription monitoring and take\u2010home naloxone supply.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T07:05:55Z","timestamp":1722236755000},"page":"1607-1612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A 3\u2010year retrospective review of hospital admissions involving opioid toxicity in <scp>South Australia<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0771-8803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Sarantou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne L. J.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Statewide Chronic Pain Clinical Network, Commission on Excellence and Innovation in Health  Adelaide Australia"},{"name":"Psychology Department Central Adelaide Local Health Network  Adelaide Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Semple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Statewide Chronic Pain Clinical Network, Commission on Excellence and Innovation in Health  Adelaide Australia"},{"name":"Pain Management Unit, Central Adelaide Local Health Network  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacinta L.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Statewide Chronic Pain Clinical Network, Commission on Excellence and Innovation in Health  Adelaide Australia"},{"name":"UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia  Adelaide Australia"},{"name":"SA Pharmacy, Statewide Clinical Support Services, SA Health  Adelaide Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Trends in overdose and other drug\u2010induced deaths in Australia, 2002\u20132021","year":"2023","author":"Chrzanowska A","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1"},{"volume-title":"Australia's annual overdose report 2020","year":"2020","author":"Penington Institute","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1"},{"volume-title":"Opioid harm in Australia and comparisons between Australia and Canada","year":"2018","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1"},{"volume-title":"Understanding regional data: socio\u2010economic indexes for areas (SEIFA)","year":"2024","author":"Australian Government","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"Independent hospital pricing authority (IHPA).Costing;2019[cited 26 March 2022]. 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