{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:21:52Z","timestamp":1792099312610,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012737","name":"Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT2001107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2001107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Harm reduction strategies at music festivals seek to create a safer environment for patrons. The Emerging Drugs Network of Australia\u2013Victoria (EDNAV) project is a state\u2010wide toxicosurveillance network that derives drug intelligence from a sample of patients presenting to hospital with illicit drug\u2010related toxicity. This publication describes the preliminary outcomes of conducting toxicosurveillance for critically unwell festival patrons within on\u2010site medical facilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood samples were collected from patrons who presented with severe illicit drug\u2010related toxicity across three festivals (2022\/2023). Blood samples were analysed via liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry for over 700 pharmaceutical and illicit drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 1603 individual medical encounters across the festivals, 228 of which were illicit drug related. A blood sample was collected for 24 patients, with a median age of 22\u2009years (range 18\u201339\u2009years). A median of two drugs (range 1\u20135 drugs) were reported and four drugs (range 0\u20138 drugs) were analytically confirmed per patient. The most frequently reported exposures were congruent with analytical results, 3,4\u2010methylenedioxymethamphetamine (reported <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200917, detected <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200920), ketamine (reported <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099, detected <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913) and cocaine (reported <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099, detected <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912). An unreported illicit drug and\/or new psychoactive substance (NPS) was detected in 18 patients, including methylamphetamine (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910), a cathinone (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097), benzodiazepine\u2010type NPS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096), <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010ethylamphetamine (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091), 3\u2010hydroxyphencyclidine (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091) and\/or 4\u2010hydroxy\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010methyl\u2010<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010isopropyltryptamine (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>EDNAV toxicosurveillance serves as an additional tool within a multi\u2010faceted approach to harm reduction at festivals. Continued data collection will allow for the characterisation of high\u2010risk drug use patterns to provide evidence\u2010based messaging to festival patrons and key stakeholders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T06:58:38Z","timestamp":1724137118000},"page":"2045-2054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Novel harm reduction measures at music festivals in Australia: Pilot implementation of the Emerging Drugs Network of Australia\u2013Victoria toxicosurveillance methodology"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8109-164X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebekka","family":"Syrjanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Victorian Poisons Information Centre, Austin Hospital Austin Health  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Dutch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Event Health Services, St John Ambulance Victoria  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Medical School, Department of Critical Care The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7423-2467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaun L.","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victorian Poisons Information Centre, Austin Hospital Austin Health  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Medical School, Department of Critical Care The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Austin Health, Emergency Department Austin Hospital  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Health, Alcohol and Other Drugs Strategy Team Victorian State Government  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ginny","family":"McKinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Health, Alcohol and Other Drugs Strategy Team Victorian State Government  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Gerostamoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Toxicology Department Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Schumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Toxicology Department Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Monash Addiction Research Centre Monash University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the EDNAV Project Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-022-00598-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and illicit drug use among young music festival attendees in Australia. Drugs: educ Prev","volume":"29","author":"Douglass CH","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foreign Policy"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13404"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13601"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Australian music festival attendees: a national overview of demographics, drug use patterns, policing experiences and help\u2010seeking behaviour","author":"Hughes C","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.13778"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"Pill testing trial to keep people safe\u2014and save lives [press release]","author":"Release M","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108070"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.14059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"Non\u2010Emergency Patient Transport and First Aid Services Act 2003 (Vic)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2019.03.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X17007099"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadr.2023.100149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.1c00232"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2021.1979233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108962"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20503245221099209"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13412"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Code of practice for running safer music festivals and events","author":"Victorian Government Department of Health","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.13922","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T12:01:02Z","timestamp":1730894462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dar.13922"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dar.13922"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.13922","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-5236","1465-3362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-5236","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}