{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T07:23:14Z","timestamp":1790234594121,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about reasons pregnant people self\u2010treat health conditions and pregnancy\u2010related symptoms with cannabis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We administered a cross\u2010sectional survey to 3571 pregnant and recently pregnant people from US population\u2010based panels. Participants who used cannabis at some point during pregnancy were asked which health conditions or symptoms they used cannabis to treat and reasons they used cannabis for self\u2010treatment. We explored differences in reasons for self\u2010treatment by sociodemographics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine\u2010hundred forty\u2010six participants indicated they used cannabis during pregnancy. Fifty\u2010seven percent (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009578) of those who used cannabis during pregnancy indicated they used cannabis exclusively for health purposes; 39% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009347) indicated they used cannabis for health and recreation. The most common reasons for self\u2010treatment were believing cannabis was safer and more effective than other medications or treatments. Some participants reported not having health insurance or a health care provider as reasons for self\u2010treatment. Black and Hispanic people, and people with household income under $25,000, were more likely than White people and people with household income between $25,000\u2013$49,999 to report barriers to other medications or treatments as reasons for self\u2010treatment. People with high school education were more likely than people with more education to report viewing cannabis as safe and effective for self\u2010treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most pregnant people self\u2010treating health conditions or symptoms with cannabis are doing so because they consider it safer and more effective than other medications or treatments. Some people, particularly people of colour and low\u2010income people, may also self\u2010treat because they face barriers to other treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T04:53:41Z","timestamp":1724302421000},"page":"1742-1752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Reasons pregnant people use cannabis to self\u2010treat health conditions during pregnancy: Results from a <scp>US<\/scp> population\u2010based survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7900-057X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Zaugg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences University of California, San Francisco  Oakland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mishka","family":"Terplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friends Research Institute  Baltimore USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieran","family":"Mailman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproaction Education Fund  Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah C. M.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advancing New Standards in Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences University of California, San Francisco  Oakland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J175v02n03_02"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1872208315666210719110606"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Turner AR","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2023.101171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.109940"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-022-01550-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.6471"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2005.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.7982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-020-00346-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.211236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.PRAMS Questionnaires. Accessed 28 September 2023. Available from:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/prams\/questionnaire.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Ipsos.Ipsos public affairs project report for the cannabis and pregnancy study.2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42238-022-00128-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001534"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","volume-title":"Cannaboinoid antiemetic therapy","author":"Taylor BN","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xagr.2023.100180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.22865"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002679"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.18307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.20f13472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1705"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2022.2080615"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Fleming JE","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fed Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.17383"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.13934","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T11:58:19Z","timestamp":1730894299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dar.13934"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dar.13934"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.13934","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-5236","1465-3362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-5236","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}