{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:48:20Z","timestamp":1791668900815,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a specific and persisting marker of ethanol (alcohol) consumption. Early success of medically necessary abstinence can be assessed by monitoring PEth disappearance at a biologically plausible rate. This requires an understanding of PEth elimination, its variability and its determinants. To achieve this, we characterised PEth elimination in drinkers who voluntarily abstained. We aimed to derive a nomogram from the data to assist practitioners in recognising abstinence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010nine usual drinkers who were prepared to abstain from alcohol consumption for 4\u2009weeks were recruited. Erythrocyte PEth was measured weekly. A population pharmacokinetic model for PEth was developed, describing the time\u2010course of PEth elimination. Estimates were derived for population average, inter\u2010individual variability in PEth half\u2010life and any covariate influences. These estimates informed a nomogram of PEth elimination that incorporated a boundary separating continued abstinence from resumed drinking. The nomogram was tested to identify drinking events among participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The model estimated a population average elimination rate constant (<jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>) of 0.088\u2009day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, corresponding to a half\u2010life of 7.9\u2009days with a residual coefficient of variation of 8.5%. Elimination was first order and no covariate influences were identified. The nomogram was internally assessed as predictively accurate for 21 successfully abstinent participants and in detecting alcohol consumption in 2 further participants, using a 99.9% prediction interval.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The value of PEth in distinguishing alcohol abstinence from consumption is enhanced by using a nomogram to confirm abstinence within weeks of its medically necessary imposition. Further work will establish the value of this approach in clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T18:09:48Z","timestamp":1726596588000},"page":"80-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Utilising paired measurements of phosphatidylethanol to monitor early success in alcohol abstinence"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9487-239X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PathWest Laboratory Medicine Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology  Perth Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences University of Western Australia  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PathWest Laboratory Medicine Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology  Perth Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences University of Western Australia  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Joyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PathWest Laboratory Medicine Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology  Perth Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences University of Western Australia  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkac084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agv038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12949"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14503"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12883"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agv049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agab013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14475"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"The transplantation Society of Australia and New Zealand.Clinical Guidelines for Organ Transplantation from Deceased Donors.2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.14595"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TXD.0000000000000617"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v41i2.29913"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9093060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13353"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AOT.936293"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agz027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01768.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(00)00291-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15811"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13620"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agad010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13865"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2567"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2018.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-016-1445-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/HMER.S420732"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/psp.2013.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1E259"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2022.123134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","volume-title":"Microsoft excel for Microsoft 365\u2014version 2207","author":"Microsoft Corporation"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2010.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2003.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing. 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