{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:47:49Z","timestamp":1787014069595,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001791","name":"Griffith University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001791","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Trenbolone, a potent anabolic\u2010androgenic steroid (AAS), is used for its muscle growth benefits but poses significant health risks, including psychosocial issues. Existing research among humans is limited by lack of targeted investigation. This study addresses gaps in existing research by leveraging the ethnopharmacological expertise of trenbolone consumers. By engaging with the community's connoisseurship, we sought to enhance harm reduction strategies and foster collaboration between consumers, scholars and health practitioners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An international sample of trenbolone consumers (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930) were interviewed. Interviews explored trenbolone use, knowledge levels and harm reduction strategies. Analysis involved an iterative categorisation approach, incorporating the lead author's lived experience with trenbolone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants described trenbolone as both a physical enhancer and a source of psychological boosts, tempered by adverse effects such as emotional volatility and intrusive thoughts. Despite warnings about its dangers the drug's allure was amplified by social media and community visibility. Consumers spoke of a developing connoisseur\u2010like knowledge about trenbolone through personal and shared experiences. Through this collective expertise, they developed harm reduction strategies such as conservative dosing and regular health monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates the importance of integrating ethnopharmacological\u2010connoisseurship from the image and performance enhancing drug community to develop a contextually relevant understanding of AAS use\u2014trenbolone being one of these. By elevating community insights, we advocate for a collaborative approach to harm reduction. Ultimately, we call for partnerships between researchers, health professionals and consumers to enhance health and reduce harm in image and performance enhancing drug communities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T22:05:21Z","timestamp":1729548321000},"page":"298-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Consuming \u2018God Juice\u2019: Using \u2018ethnopharmacological\u2010connoisseurship\u2019 to situate trenbolone use and knowledge among image and performance enhancing drug communities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6177-0266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Piatkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Psychology Griffith University  Gold Coast Australia"},{"name":"Griffith Centre for Mental Health Griffith University  Mount Gravatt Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Sciences Northumbria University  Newcastle\u2010upon\u2010Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Psychology Griffith University  Gold Coast Australia"},{"name":"Griffith Centre for Mental Health Griffith University  Mount Gravatt Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4615-5078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Social Development\/Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"Carcass and non\u2010carcass component yields of trenbolone acetate+ estradiol\u201017\u03b2 implanted steers vs. non\u2010implanted steers across serial harvest endpoints. 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