{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:48:25Z","timestamp":1774439305840,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Northern Territory (NT) of Australia has the highest rates of alcohol consumption and injury in the country. We aimed to: (i) describe the epidemiology of alcohol\u2010related injury (ARI) hospitalisations in the NT; (ii) estimate the proportion of alcohol involvement in injury hospitalisations; and (iii) consider the influence of alcohol policies on ARI hospitalisation trends.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective time\u2010series study using coded hospitalisation data from NT public hospitals between 2007 and 2022. ARI hospitalisation was defined combining indicators for injury and acute alcohol use. We undertook descriptive analyses and calculated alcohol involvement against all injury hospitalisations. Annual percent changes (APC) were computed using joinpoint regression to examine the influence of alcohol policies on ARI hospitalisation trends by NT geographical regions (Central Australia and Top End).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol use was associated with 22.6% of all injury hospitalisations. The most common cause of ARI hospitalisations was assault (46%). In Central Australia, a significant trend decline (APC \u221212.2; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011) was observed after 2017 following alcohol policies implemented between 2017 and 2018 (Banned Drinkers Register v2; Minimum Unit Price; and Police Auxiliary Liquor Inspectors). Consecutive years with the greatest decrease in Central Australia were 2013\u20132014 (APC \u221225.8) and 2018\u20132019 (APC \u221235.1); likely influenced by alcohol policies in effect at the time. In the Top End, a non\u2010significant trend decline (APC \u221226.1; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.186) was observed after 2020.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol policies implemented between 2017 and 2018 were associated with reduced ARI hospitalisations in Central Australia. Alcohol policies that demonstrated reduced harm should be sustained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T17:51:41Z","timestamp":1733853101000},"page":"324-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Alcohol\u2010related injury hospitalisations in relation to alcohol policy changes, Northern Territory, Australia, 2007\u20132022: A joinpoint regression analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0929-6950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerry L. J.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Statistics and Informatics Northern Territory Department of Health  Darwin Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Disease Control Northern Territory Department of Health  Darwin Australia"},{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National University  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Statistics and Informatics Northern Territory Department of Health  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony D. K.","family":"Draper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Disease Control Northern Territory Department of Health  Darwin Australia"},{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National University  Canberra Australia"},{"name":"Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research Charles Darwin University  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3224-891X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guddu","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National University  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5844-3627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National University  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Boffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Australian Aboriginal Congress, Alice Springs  Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leanne M.","family":"Liddle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Nations Health Policy Northern Territory Department of Health  Darwin Australia"},{"name":"Northern Territory Police Fire &amp; Emergency Services  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7178-7419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Statistics and Informatics Northern Territory Department of Health  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7321-8922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyson","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Statistics and Informatics Northern Territory Department of Health  Darwin Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Global status report on alcohol and health 2018 [Internet]","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Australian Burden of Disease Study: Impact and causes of illness and death in Australia 2018 [Internet]. Australian Burden of Disease Study series no. 22. Cat. no. BOD 27","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082777"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"Alcohol\u2010related injury: hospitalisations and deaths, 2019\u201320 [Internet]","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03905.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","volume-title":"The social and economic costs and harms of alcohol consumption in the Northern Territory [Internet]","author":"Smith J","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","volume-title":"Alcohol Policies and Legislation Review [Internet]","author":"Riley T","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20227066"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"Northern Territory Government Department of Treasury and Finance.Northern Territory Economy [Internet]. 2023 [cited 20 December 2023]. Available from:https:\/\/nteconomy.nt.gov.au\/population"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Review of the harmful use of alcohol among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people","volume":"18","author":"Gray D","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust Indig Health Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100774"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","unstructured":"National Indigenous Australians Agency.Risky alcohol consumption [Internet]. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Performance Framework.2024[cited 17 April 2024]. Available from:https:\/\/www.indigenoushpf.gov.au\/measures\/2-16-risky-alcohol-consumption"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","volume-title":"Northern Territory Alcohol Harm Minimisation Action Plan 2018\u20132019 August 2019 update [Internet]","author":"Northern Territory Government","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X20986309"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11957-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058614"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","volume-title":"Medium Term (24 months) Outcomes Evaluation of the Banned Drinker register [Internet]","author":"Ernst & Young Oceania Evaluation Practice Network","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","volume-title":"Investigating the introduction of the alcohol minimum unit price in the Northern Territory. Final Report [Internet]","author":"Coomber K","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","volume-title":"Morbidity burden of disease and injury in the Northern Territory 2014\u20132018 [Internet]","author":"Zhao Y","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","volume-title":"Geographical analysis of hospitalised injury and injury deaths data, 2017\u201318 [Internet]. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","volume-title":"National Strategy for Injury Prevention: 2020\u20132030 \u2010 Draft for Consultation [Internet]","author":"Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X20977503"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","volume-title":"Alcohol\u2010attributable hospital admissions and alcohol\u2010related emergency department presentations in the Northern Territory [Internet]","author":"Health Gains Planning","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15432"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","unstructured":"Australian Consortium for Classification Development.International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems Tenth Revision Australian Modification.2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","volume-title":"Joinpoint Trend Analysis Software [Internet]","author":"Statistical Methodology and Applications Branch","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","volume-title":"Statistical methods of detecting change points for the trend of count data [Internet]","author":"Jawa TM","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Admitted patient care 2021\u201322 2 How much admitted patient activity? [Internet]","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","volume-title":"Chief Health Officer's Report \u2010 The COVID\u201019 Public Health Emergency 18 March 2020 to 15 June 2022 [Internet]","author":"Northern Territory Government Department of Health","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","volume-title":"Department of Tourism and Hospitality. Northern Territory wholesale alcohol supply 2012 to 2019 [Internet]","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","volume-title":"Northern Territory Alcohol Harm\u2010Reduction Report [Internet]","author":"People's Alcohol Action Coalition","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","volume-title":"Northern Territory Police, Fire and Emergency Services 2018\u201319 Annual Report [Internet]","author":"Northern Territory Police Fire & Emergency Services","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","volume-title":"Evaluation of the Alcohol Mandatory Treatment Program [Internet]","author":"PwC, Menzies School of Health Research","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","volume-title":"NT ministers praise TBLs \u2013 but the grog flows again [Internet]","author":"People's Alcohol Action Coalition","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"A criminal shift: alcohol regulation in the Northern Territory","volume":"8","author":"Buckley T","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indig Law Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","volume-title":"Northern Territory Police, Fire and Emergency Services 2013\u201314 Annual Report [Internet]","author":"Northern Territory Police Fire & Emergency Services","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2000.tb00720.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Alcohol use in the Northern Territory [Internet]. 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