{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:27:44Z","timestamp":1787243264551,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECP 184180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECP 184180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F22\u201003575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F22\u201003575"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT 183952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT 183952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA044181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA044181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Canada, the COVID\u201019 pandemic collided with an ongoing overdose crisis driven by a toxic unregulated drug supply. Public health guidance intended to limit transmission of COVID\u201019 (e.g., social distancing) directly contradicted guidance responding to the ongoing overdose crisis (e.g., never use drugs alone), exacerbating harms among people reliant on the toxic unregulated drug supply. While existing literature characterises many harms associated with consuming unregulated drugs during COVID\u201019, less is known about the specific impacts on women. We explored the perspectives of women who use unregulated drugs and experienced socio\u2010economic marginalisation on how the COVID\u201019 environment shaped their overdose risk in British Columbia, Canada.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted semi\u2010structured interviews remotely with 45 participants between May 2020 and September 2021, and analysed the data thematically using a social violence framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants identified contamination of the unregulated drug supply, particularly with benzodiazepines, as a significant driver of overdose and gendered violence among women who use drugs. \u2018Social distancing\u2019 guidelines (e.g., guest restrictions in supportive housing, reduced capacity in harm reduction services) compounded these risks and resulted in more women using drugs alone, reducing opportunities for timely overdose intervention. In response, participants practiced individualised acts of caregiving (e.g., establishing informal networks that regularly check on each other) to mitigate the risks of overdose and gendered violence for themselves and their community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These intersecting health crises perpetuated individualised approaches to addressing the risks of overdose and gendered violence, rather than addressing underlying social and structural drivers of these risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T02:14:07Z","timestamp":1734660847000},"page":"602-612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["\u2018It just doesn't stop\u2019: Perspectives of women who use drugs on increased overdoses during the\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5728-5209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey A.","family":"Speed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9555-7693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan","family":"McNeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, Public Health &amp; Anthropology Yale University  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Yale Program in Addiction Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3843-2928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanna","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Simon Fraser University  Burnaby British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Maher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine UNSW Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Burnet Institute  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7919-5995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jade","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Division of Social Medicine, Department of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjph-2023-000197"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use.September 2021: Drug Checking in British Columbia.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687637.2024.2324977"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103236"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15474-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283979"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","volume-title":"Opioid\u2010 and stimulant\u2010related harms in Canada","author":"Federal, Provincial, and Territorial Special Advisory Committee on the Epidemic of Opioid Overdoses","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/382250"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Masculine domination","author":"Bourdieu P","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2009.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.102641"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Gender\u2010based violence among women who use drugs: a quantitative and qualitative study in 6 EU countries","volume":"23","author":"Plaza\u2010Hern\u00e1ndez L","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adiktologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.josat.2023.209190"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108313"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14417"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","unstructured":"British Columbia Coroners Service.Unregulated drug deaths \u2013 sex.2024. 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