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There is significant variability in terminology and outcome measures in reporting these interventions, complicating efforts to build a comprehensive knowledge base. Thus, we conducted a Delphi study to establish consensus and heterogeneity in these metrics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Panellists from three stakeholder groups (people who use drugs, virtual harm reduction service operators and academics) participated in a multi\u2010round Delphi study. The first round included open\u2010ended questions to propose items in three categories: terminology, demographic information and outcomes. Subsequent rounds included options from a previously conducted scoping review for consideration. Likert ratings were used to achieve consensus, with a 70% threshold. Final rounds involved ranking terminology that reached a consensus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 23 initial participants, 14 completed the fourth survey round. \u201cOverdose response technology\u201d was identified as the most appropriate term for these harm reduction technologies. This definition includes drug contamination alerts, overdose response hotlines and applications, wearable overdose detection technology and overdose detection tools. Fourteen demographic outcomes reached a consensus for data collection, including name or handle, neighbourhood, age, gender, past overdose experience, substance used, amount and route of use. Six service use outcomes were recommended: response type, service outcomes, morbidity and mortality, overdose events, responder arrival time and post\u2010rescue care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study results are recommended to standardise terminology and guide future research and knowledge dissemination in the field, ensuring clear communication with a shared language.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.14055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T07:45:22Z","timestamp":1745567122000},"page":"1430-1443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Defining terminology and outcome measures for evaluating overdose response technology: An international Delphi study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4278-9751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Rioux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine &amp; Dentistry, University of Alberta  Edmonton Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Viste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Navid","family":"Sedaghat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine &amp; Dentistry, University of Alberta  Edmonton Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph Tay Wee","family":"Teck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population and Behavioural Science School of Medicine, University of St Andrews  St Andrews UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Perri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Division Graduate School of Business, Bar\u2010Ilan University  Ramat\u2010Gan Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work McMaster University  Hamilton Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Carr\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano\u2010Bicocca  Monza Italy"},{"name":"Division of Psychiatry University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Carreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Division of Medical Toxicology  Worcester USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oona","family":"Kreig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brave Technology Co\u2010op  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Marcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6339-2820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Asian and Middle Eastern Cultures  Barnard College"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer  Houston USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Cogdell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naxos Neighbors  South Bend USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Never Use Alone  McMinnville USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7644-3639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. 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