{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:54:53Z","timestamp":1791420893201,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Novel opioids, including non\u2010medical and non\u2010opium\u2010based opioids such as fentanyl analogues and nitazenes, pose a significant risk of harm due to their high potency. There is little published data on novel opioid detections and harms in Australia, yet they are implicated in multiple deaths. This study describes the detections and harms of novel opioids in New South Wales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted using four statewide datasets: Coronial Toxicology, the Illicit Drug Analysis Unit, the Prescription, Recreational and Illicit Substance Evaluation Program (PRISE), and the NSW Poisons Information Centre. These datasets were interrogated for available data (cases or substances seized by police) on novel opioid detections between 1 January 2019 and 31 May 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, there were 106 novel opioid detections in 103 cases. PRISE identified 91% of clinical cases, reflecting the program's reach. Fentanyl analogues predominated until 2021, whereas nitazenes predominated from 2022. Most detections were acetylfentanyl (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200954), followed by isotonitazene detections (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200913). Positive detections were more frequent in urine compared to blood, supporting testing on both samples. Overall numbers were low, but they were often associated with harm, including deaths.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We anticipate that these data underestimate the harms from novel opioids; for example, these drugs are not being tested routinely in laboratory testing of biological samples, and not all police seizures are analysed. A change in the predominant novel opioid was observed during the study period. Enhancing systems for readiness to detect and respond to novel opioids is vital, including resourcing laboratories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.14057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T03:15:47Z","timestamp":1744773347000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Trends in novel opioid use and detections in exposures and police drug seizures in New South Wales"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8896-1188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janette L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol and Other Drugs New South Wales Ministry of Health  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6855-3865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol and Other Drugs New South Wales Ministry of Health  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"New South Wales Poisons Information Centre Sydney Children's Hospitals Network  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2493-5428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Atefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol and Other Drugs New South Wales Ministry of Health  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"New South Wales Poisons Information Centre Sydney Children's Hospitals Network  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9546-1939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanjira","family":"Jiranantakan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol and Other Drugs New South Wales Ministry of Health  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"New South Wales Poisons Information Centre Sydney Children's Hospitals Network  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Edith Collins Centre, Drug Health Services Royal Prince Alfred Hospital  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NSW Health Pathology, Forensic &amp; Analytical Science Service Forensic Toxicology Laboratory  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6000-7946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Ewers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NSW Health Pathology, Forensic &amp; Analytical Science Service Illicit Drug Analysis Unit  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1974-9313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorraine","family":"du Toit\u2010Prinsloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Medicine, NSW Health Pathology Forensic and Analytical Science Service  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9101-7577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darren M.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New South Wales Poisons Information Centre Sydney Children's Hospitals Network  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Edith Collins Centre, Drug Health Services Royal Prince Alfred Hospital  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2022\u20132023: State and Territory summaries of alcohol tobacco e\u2010cigarette and other drug use.2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"HealthStats NSW \u2010 opioid\u2010related hospitalisations. 2025, Sydney","author":"Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"HealthStats NSW \u2010 opioid drug deaths. 2025, Sydney","author":"Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2022.109292"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.European Drug Report 2023: Trends and Developments.2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2024.2309321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"UNODC EWA: increasing availability of nitazenes calls for global response","author":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13920"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Victorian overdose deaths, 2013\u20132022","author":"Coroners Court of Victoria","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkac062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2022.2164505"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2024.2383692"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"Centre for Alcohol and Other Drugs.Public Drug Warnings 2024. 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