{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:07:37Z","timestamp":1792811257756,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001027","name":"Department of Health and Ageing, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GA90561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA90561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001027","name":"Department of Health and Ageing, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Health\/21\u201022\/D21\u20105425703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Health\/21\u201022\/D21\u20105425703"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and characterised by severe neurodevelopmental impairment. Australian studies have reported PAE prevalence of between 14% and 78% of births. Estimating national FASD prevalence in the general population using gold\u2010standard active case ascertainment is costly and time\u2010consuming, and alternative approaches are required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a published equation for the risk of FASD following PAE (estimated from an international meta\u2010analysis) and a pooled estimate of PAE prevalence in Australia (from a meta\u2010analysis of 78 studies reporting 16 large general population\u2010based birth cohorts between 1975 and 2018), we estimated the population prevalence of FASD. Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine confidence intervals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Estimated FASD prevalence in the general population was 3.64% (95% confidence interval 2.91%, 4.41%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The estimated FASD prevalence in the general population of Australia was comparable to that in other high\u2010income countries (e.g., USA, Canada). Although it is likely that certain vulnerable populations have significantly higher FASD prevalence, this estimate provides a baseline estimate for the general population to inform service development and strategies for prevention of FASD and guide future research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.14082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T13:00:17Z","timestamp":1748869217000},"page":"1522-1525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Estimating the Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3753-5506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracey W.","family":"Tsang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, FASD Australian Registry, and Kids Research Sydney Children's Hospitals Network  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2284-2036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Rosenblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Research Division Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2184-5215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indra","family":"Parta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Research Division Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care  Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6501-5487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth J.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, FASD Australian Registry, and Kids Research Sydney Children's Hospitals Network  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00420-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214\u2010109X(17)30021\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1919"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192013144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.2003.00208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2007.00012.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12746"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.120220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019605"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2017.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Commonwealth of Australia (Department of Health) \u201cNational Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Strategic Action Plan 2018\u20132028. Canberra \u201d 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13619"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) \u201cNational Drug Strategy Household Survey 2019 \u201d 2020 Drug Statistics Series No. 32 PHE 270 Canberra: AIHW."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) \u201cNational Drug Strategy Household Survey 2022\u20132023 \u201d 2024 Data Tables\u00a010 Priority Population Groups Canberra."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) \u201cNational Drug Strategy Household Survey 2022\u20132023 \u201d 2024 Data Tables\u00a04 Alcohol Consumption Canberra."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21896"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7213-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agv117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"A.Curtis B.Patafio D.deAndra et\u00a0al. \u201cThree\u2010Year Formal Review of the Implementation of the National Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Strategic Action Plan 2018\u20132028: Final Evaluation Report \u201d 2022."}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.14082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T01:23:47Z","timestamp":1755048227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dar.14082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dar.14082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.14082","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-5236","1465-3362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-5236","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}