{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T20:37:12Z","timestamp":1762202232719,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT2016695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2016695"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001773","name":"University of New South Wales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Policymakers and advocates often rely on public opinion to support or oppose certain policies, with national surveys providing an important data source. Different geographic areas have socio\u2010political specificity and are impacted by drug policies in different ways; yet there has been little analysis of public opinion accounting for geographic specificity. This study aimed to understand geographic differences in policy preferences using the case study of Greater Western Sydney (GWS), New South Wales (NSW), Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Responses to two policy perception questions from Australia's 2022\/23 National Drug Strategy Household Survey were analysed: preferred actions in response to possession and use of cannabis, ecstasy, heroin, methamphetamine, and hallucinogens (\u2018Action\u2019 question), and the preferred criminal offence status of cannabis possession (\u2018Criminal\u2019 question). Responses in GWS were compared to Rest of Sydney and Rest of NSW. Data were analysed by levels of support and proportions of respondents who did not register an opinion (not answered, \u2018don't know\u2019).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Levels of support for different actions and policy settings varied by area, as did the proportions of respondents who do not register an opinion. The inclusion or exclusion of \u2018don't know\u2019\/not answered responses influences interpretations of levels of public knowledge, engagement, and support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Public opinion as gauged through national surveys should be understood relative to specific geographies. Understanding whether geographic differences exist is important to understanding what drives support and \u2018don't know\u2019\/not answered responses in relation to drug policy. Differences indicate sites for further analysis and attention in education, engagement and advocacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.70023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T12:06:51Z","timestamp":1756296411000},"page":"1831-1846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Geographic Differences in Public Opinion on Drug Policy: Understanding Patterns of Support and \u2018Don't Know\u2019 Responses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9468-2708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Kelaita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5361-2316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keelin","family":"O'Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9540-1920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2011.00537.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/sof.2006.0083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106591290305600103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1956018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/420453"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-68930-2_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psj.12190"},{"volume-title":"Public Opinion and Public Policy. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics","year":"2021","author":"Wlezien C.","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055407070049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17979\/ejge.2014.3.1.4295"},{"volume-title":"Unequal Democracy","year":"2017","author":"Bartels L. M.","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1"},{"volume-title":"Outback Leaders Call for Help as Cheap Methylamphetamine Takes Toll on Communities","year":"2024","author":"Bieundurry T.","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"A.Vidler \u201cDrink Drug Consumption for Young Women on the Rise in Latest Survey \u201d9News February 29 2024."},{"volume-title":"Pill Testing Trial Bill 2023: Second Reading Speech","year":"2024","author":"Faehrmann C.","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2012.00497.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13707"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2009.00027.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08920-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13426"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13937"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13727"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","unstructured":"Uniting NSW \u201cACT. Possession and Use of Drugs: Options for Changing the Law \u201dNovember 25 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","unstructured":"DPA \u201cDrug Policy Australia Submission to the Inquiry into the Impact of the Regulatory Framework for Cannabis in New South Wales \u201dInquiry Into the Impact of the Regulatory Framework for Cannabis in New South Wales 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","unstructured":"AADC \u201cAustralian Alcohol & Other Drugs Council Submission to the Joint Law Enforcement Committee Inquiry \u201d2023Inquiry into Australia's illicit Drug Problem: Challenges and Opportunities for Law Enforcement."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13511610.2020.1752631"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022381611000132"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpor\/13.1.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9248.12063"},{"volume-title":"Non\u2010Criminal Responses to Drug Use and Personal Possession in Australia","year":"2024","author":"O'Reilly K.","key":"e_1_2_11_30_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14744740211029286"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09502386.2022.2090016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08164649.2021.2004538"},{"volume-title":"The Other Sydney: Communities, Identities and Inequalities in Western Sydney","year":"2000","author":"Collins J.","key":"e_1_2_11_34_1"},{"volume-title":"Bin Laden in the Suburbs: Criminalising the Arab Other","year":"2004","author":"Poynting S.","key":"e_1_2_11_35_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10304319409365672"},{"volume-title":"Western Sydney Votes: How Australia's Most Dynamic Region Is Shaping the 2023 NSW Election","year":"2023","author":"Marks A.","key":"e_1_2_11_37_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","unstructured":"F.Williams \u201cHow Issues Linked to Growth in Sydney's West Will Influence the Federal Election \u201dABC News 16 April 2025."},{"volume-title":"The Cannabis Cautioning Scheme Three Years On: An Implementation and Outcome Evaluation","year":"2004","author":"Baker J.","key":"e_1_2_11_39_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","unstructured":"D.Cronshaw \u201cNSW Crime Data Shows Cannabis Cautioning Scheme Has Gone to Pot and Become a \u2018Class War\u2019 \u201dNewcastle Herald December 20 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","unstructured":"M.McGowanandC.Knaus \u201cNSW Police Pursue 80% of Indigenous People Caught With Cannabis Through Courts \u201dGuardian June 10 2020."},{"volume-title":"Why Are Aboriginal Adults Less Likely to Receive Cannabis Cautions?","year":"2023","author":"Teperski A.","key":"e_1_2_11_42_1"},{"volume-title":"How Is the Early Drug Diversion Initiative Going?","year":"2024","author":"DPMP Team","key":"e_1_2_11_43_1"},{"volume-title":"Geographical Differences in Risk\u2010Taking Among Sydney Methadone Maintenance Patients: A Comparison of Inner City and Outer South Western Clinics","year":"1993","author":"Darke S.","key":"e_1_2_11_44_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230412331324518"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595238980000031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595239996743"},{"volume-title":"Alcohol and Other Drug Use, Attitudes and Knowledge Amongst Six CALD Communities in Sydney; Project Evaluation and Overview","year":"2008","author":"Munot S.","key":"e_1_2_11_48_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.941714.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03438.x"},{"volume-title":"The Sydney Methamphetamine Market: Patterns of Supply, Use, Personal Harms and Social Consequences","year":"2005","author":"McKetin R.","key":"e_1_2_11_51_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230801914743"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2008.00246.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10345329.2019.1689787"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3222097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-45968-9"},{"volume-title":"Western Sydney Needle and Syringe Program Study: A Report to Community. Sydney","year":"2017","author":"Treloar C.","key":"e_1_2_11_57_1"},{"volume-title":"Drug Law Enforcement: Its Effect on Treatment Experience and Injecting Practices","year":"1999","author":"Weatherburn D.","key":"e_1_2_11_58_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10345329.2001.12036213"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.9645776.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10439460290029957"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1466802505053494"},{"volume-title":"Lived Experiences of Stigma and Discrimination Among People Accessing South Western Sydney Local Health District Drug Health Services","year":"2019","author":"Farrugia A.","key":"e_1_2_11_63_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10612-023-09710-y"},{"volume-title":"NDSHS 2022\u201323","year":"2024","author":"AIHW","key":"e_1_2_11_66_1"},{"volume-title":"NDSHS 2022\u201323: Technical Notes","year":"2024","author":"AIHW","key":"e_1_2_11_67_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.06.001"},{"volume-title":"Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) Edition 3","year":"2021","author":"ABS","key":"e_1_2_11_69_1"},{"volume-title":"National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2022 Technical Report","year":"2023","author":"Roy Morgan","key":"e_1_2_11_70_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341394"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30073-5"},{"volume-title":"Reducing Stigma and Discrimination for People Experiencing Problematic Alcohol and Other Drug Use","year":"2017","author":"Lancaster K.","key":"e_1_2_11_73_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09687637.2012.743506"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxaa010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104213"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102855"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687637.2024.2440413"},{"volume-title":"Open Street Map Database [Internet]","year":"2025","author":"Open Street Map Contributors","key":"e_1_2_11_80_1"},{"volume-title":"National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2022","year":"2022","author":"AIHW","key":"e_1_2_11_81_1"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.70023","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T20:25:19Z","timestamp":1762201519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dar.70023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dar.70023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.70023","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-5236","1465-3362"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0959-5236"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1465-3362"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}