{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T20:36:24Z","timestamp":1762202184578,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021078","name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A few decades ago, non\u2010drinking was uncommon amongst young people in many countries, and non\u2010drinkers typically reported more psycho\u2010social problems than moderate drinkers. Since then, non\u2010drinking has become common amongst Norwegian adolescents. Considering this normalisation of non\u2010drinking, our study examined: (i) whether psycho\u2010social problems still differ between non\u2010drinkers, moderate drinkers and heavy drinkers; and (ii) whether psycho\u2010social problems differ by parental drinking status amongst non\u2010drinkers and moderate drinkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data stem from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). The Norwegian 2024 subsample included 3471 15\u201316\u2010year\u2010olds. Psycho\u2010social problems included anxiety and depressive symptoms and weak social support from friends and family. Parental drinking status distinguished between families with at least one non\u2010drinking parent and families where both parents were drinkers. Mean values of non\u2010drinkers (46% of the sample) were compared to mean values of moderate (42%) and heavy drinkers (12%) using analysis of variance and F\u2010tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to moderate drinkers, non\u2010drinkers reported significantly fewer anxiety and depressive symptoms, and significantly better social support from family and friends, whereas heavy drinkers reported significantly more psycho\u2010social problems. Amongst non\u2010drinkers, there was no significant difference in psycho\u2010social problems by parental drinking status. Amongst moderate drinkers, those with non\u2010drinking parents reported significantly poorer support from friends and family than others.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study lent empirical support to the hypothesis that in a context of normalised non\u2010drinking amongst adolescents, psycho\u2010social deviance amongst non\u2010drinkers is not observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.70031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T07:30:09Z","timestamp":1756884609000},"page":"2106-2112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Normalisation of Non\u2010Drinking and Implications for Psycho\u2010Social Problems"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7559-8885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elin K.","family":"Bye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Rossow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9021-8665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inger Synn\u00f8ve","family":"Moan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"ESPAD Report 2019: Results From the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs","year":"2020","author":"ESPADGroup","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1"},{"volume-title":"Adolescent Alcohol\u2010Related Behaviours: Trends and Inequalities in the WHO European Region, 2002\u20132014. 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