{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:15:22Z","timestamp":1791364522036,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012118","name":"Ontario Institute for Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IA\u2010004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IA\u2010004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012118","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study examined: (i) knowledge of smoking\u2010related health risks among adults who currently and formerly smoke; (ii) concerns about personal health damage from smoking among adults who currently smoke; (iii) sociodemographic predictors of knowledge; and (iv) associations between knowledge and concerns in Japan and the Republic of Korea.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from the 2021 International Tobacco Control Surveys included adults (aged \u2265\u200920, \u2265\u200919 respectively) in Japan (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092956 currently smoke,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009852 formerly smoke) and Korea (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093776 currently smoke,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009194 formerly smoke). Primary outcomes included knowledge of smoking\u2010related health risks (six consistently measured: stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, emphysema, impotence, early death), categorised as correct or incorrect, summed into a knowledge index score and concerns about smoking damaging their own health. Survey\u2010weighted analyses examined country and smoking status differences and associations between knowledge, concerns and sociodemographic characteristics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among adults who currently smoke, knowledge of lung cancer was highest (Japan: 82.8%, Korea: 92.2%); lowest were impotence in Japan (35.7%) and heart disease in Korea (69.6%). Adults who formerly smoked had higher knowledge than those who currently smoke in Japan (4.74 [4.50\u20134.97] vs. 4.00 [3.82\u20134.18]) but not in Korea (5.05 [4.39\u20135.72] vs. 4.69 [4.47\u20134.90]). Japanese adults who currently smoke had lower knowledge and fewer concerns than their Korean counterparts (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Greater knowledge predicted increased concerns in both countries (OR\u2009=\u20091.27 [1.20, 1.35]). Only in Japan were younger age (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.59 [0.06, 1.13]) and moderate income (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.41 [0.16, 0.66]) associated with greater knowledge.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The observed differences in knowledge and concerns about smoking\u2010related health risks between Japan and Korea may reflect their contrasting tobacco control policies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.70043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T07:05:49Z","timestamp":1759302349000},"page":"2127-2137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Knowledge and Concerns About Smoking\u2010Related Health Risks: A Cross\u2010Sectional Analysis of the 2021 International Tobacco Control Japan and Korea Surveys"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3939-9499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianze","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7569-1948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology The University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Gravely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Waterloo  Waterloo Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne C. 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