{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T02:02:20Z","timestamp":1771207340142,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25\u2010DA037756"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25\u2010DA037756"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Access to evidence\u2010based treatment for opioid use disorder remains limited, particularly for individuals who have not responded to oral opioid agonist treatment (OAT). A community pharmacy\u2010based model of injectable OAT (iOAT) was piloted in Vancouver, Canada from March 2017 to December 2018. This brief report describes the program structure, participant sociodemographics, reported outcomes, and strengths and areas for improvement of the program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective review of cross\u2010sectional, interviewer\u2010led questionnaire data from participants who accessed iOAT at the pharmacy site (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009176) and provided informed consent was conducted. Outcomes include participant\u2010reported changes in symptomatology, function and satisfaction, analysed through descriptive statistics. Open\u2010ended responses were analysed using content analysis to identify strengths and areas for improvement of the program.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty\u2010one participants (29%) completed the questionnaire, and most had multiple previous overdoses and trials of oral OAT. The most commonly reported outcomes were reduction in illicit opioid use (76%), opioid cravings (45%) and illicit substance use (45%). Participants identified key strengths of the program as positive experiences with staff and efficiency of the pharmacy model including flexible dosing time and the ability to pick up other medications at the same time. Suggested improvements focused on medication options (e.g., access to diacetylmorphine, alternate routes of administration), expanded hours and flexibility, additional support services, and increased capacity and space.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      Discussion and\n                      <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community pharmacy\u2010based iOAT represents a novel strategy to expand access to evidence\u2010based opioid use disorder treatment among individuals who inject opioids and have not responded to or do not prefer oral OAT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.70062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T12:15:10Z","timestamp":1762258510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Community Pharmacy\u2010Based Injectable Opioid Agonist Treatment: Findings From a Canadian Pilot Program"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3487-9186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Mihic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Eugenia","family":"Socias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"McCrae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheyenne","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seonaid","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christy","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Fairbairn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(21)02252\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643\u2010021\u201001764\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232086"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14947"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003410.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.149195"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.0109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/qhw.v9.23698"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20200021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"Canada H \u201cReducing Regulatory Barriers to Accessing Treatment and New Funding for Innovative Projects \u201d2018 https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health\u2010canada\/news\/2018\/03\/reducing\u2010regulatory\u2010barriers\u2010to\u2010accessing\u2010treatment\u2010and\u2010new\u2010funding\u2010for\u2010innovative\u2010projects.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954\u2010025\u201001262\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"BC Centre on Substance Use \u201ciOAT & TiOAT Study. BCCSU \u201d2024 https:\/\/www.bccsu.ca\/ioat\u2010tioat\u2010study\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"British Columbia Centre on Substance Use \u201cGuidance for Injectable Opioid Agonist Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder \u201d2018 https:\/\/www.bccsu.ca\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/BC_iOAT_Guideline.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488\u2010010\u20100319\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"Government of Canada \u201cOpioid\u2010and Stimulant\u2010related Harms in Canada: Key findings\u2014Canada.ca \u201d2019 https:\/\/health\u2010infobase.canada.ca\/substance\u2010related\u2010harms\/opioids\u2010stimulants\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265\u2010018\u20100962\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000505"}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.70062","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dar.70062","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.70062","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T01:12:27Z","timestamp":1771204347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dar.70062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dar.70062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.70062","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-5236","1465-3362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-5236","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70062"}}