{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T02:02:24Z","timestamp":1771207344267,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Issues<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substance use disorders (SUD) pose a global health challenge, especially in resource\u2010limited settings. Training non\u2010specialist health workers (NSHW) is a promising task\u2010sharing strategy. This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of such training in improving NSHWs' knowledge, attitudes, self\u2010efficacy and practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE and included randomised controlled trials (RCT), quasi\u2010experimental and pre\u2010post studies published between 1 January 2008 and 30 October 2024. Data were synthesised using effect sizes reported as standardised mean differences (SMD). Risk of bias assessments included Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB2) for RCTs and the Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale for observational studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 21,892 records, 29 studies were included: RCTs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097), quasi\u2010experimental (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094) and pre\u2010post studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200918). Training formats ranged from 30\u2010min sessions to two\u2010year programs, using hybrid approaches with didactics, role\u2010plays and simulations. Content included SBIRT (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098), motivational interviewing (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095), and management of alcohol, opioid and tobacco use. The pooled analyses of RCTs showed significant short\u2010term changes to NSHW's knowledge [SMD 0.59 (95% CI 0.40, 0.79)], self\u2010efficacy [SMD 0.45 (95% CI 0.26, 0.64)] and practice [SMD 0.24 (95% CI 0.03, 0.46)]. Pooled analysis from RCTs for changing attitude showed a non\u2010significant result. Quality was mixed: most (4\/7) RCTs raised some concerns, and observational studies were mostly moderate (6\/13), with frequent reliance on self\u2010report, limited confounding control and short follow\u2010up.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications and Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Training NSHWs has modest effects on knowledge and self\u2010efficacy and small effects on the practice of SUD management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.70078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:32:01Z","timestamp":1764289921000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of Training Non\u2010Specialist Health Workers for the Management of Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0988-7694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pragyapti","family":"Malav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Blessy B.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manya","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagma","family":"Imam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renjith R.","family":"Pillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1616-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y. 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