{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:35:22Z","timestamp":1773009322490,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007281","name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gender and sexuality diverse women consistently report higher rates of licit and illicit drug use than heterosexual women. Longitudinal data are essential to understanding these patterns yet remain limited. We established a cohort to examine prevalence and changes in use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a prospective cohort study, the\n                      <jats:italic>Understanding Lesbian, Bisexual and Queer Women's Alcohol, Drug Use and Health<\/jats:italic>\n                      (UnLEASH) study, with data collected at baseline (May\u2013October 2021) and follow\u2010up (August\u2013November 2022). Participants self\u2010reported past\u20104\u2010week, past 12\u2009months and lifetime use of alcohol, tobacco, e\u2010cigarettes and illicit drugs, including non\u2010medical use of prescription medications. Prevalence was calculated at each wave. McNemar's tests assessed within\u2010subject change with Bonferroni correction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 1080 participants, 89.4% were cisgender women, 4.7% transgender women and 5.8% non\u2010binary; 51.4% identified as lesbian, 21.9% bisexual, 16.3% queer and 10.3% used another term. Baseline past\u20104\u2010week use was: tobacco 20.4%, e\u2010cigarettes 11.2% (76% containing nicotine), alcohol 77.1% and any illicit drug 23.6% (most of which was non\u2010medical cannabis use at 18.8%). Among 458 follow\u2010up participants, tobacco use declined (18.3% to 12.7%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Among 178 who had ceased tobacco smoking at or before baseline, 7.3% had initiated e\u2010cigarette use, 10.7% continued use and 19.7% had ceased use. No significant changes were observed for other drugs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substance use remained persistently high and stable, even as population\u2010level trends decline. These findings raise questions about how high prevalence is interpreted, suggesting it may not necessarily indicate problematic use, but instead reflect long\u2010term, embedded patterns shaped by community and social contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.70100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T17:00:08Z","timestamp":1770656408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Persistent Patterns of Licit and Illicit Drug Use Among Gender and Sexuality Diverse Women in Australia: Results From a Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7952-7969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mo","family":"Hammoud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LGBTQ+ Population Health Research Group, Kirby Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health UNSW Sydney  Sydney 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Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5299-8835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Bourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Memedovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4047-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Mooney\u2010Somers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229869"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Women in Contact With the Sydney LGBTIQ Communities: Report of the SWASH Lesbian, Bisexual and Queer Women's Health Survey 2016, 2018, 2020","author":"Mooney\u2010Somers 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