{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:35:18Z","timestamp":1773009318647,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA027266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA027266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA029812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA029812"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to characterise non\u2010abstinent recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD), particularly to understand why some people choose non\u2010abstinence instead of abstinence and to illuminate how they may continue drinking in a way consistent with recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted semi\u2010structured interviews with 65 adults with resolved AUD and no history of treatment who were enrolled in a national United States study of recovery definitions and strategies. Using inductive and deductive coding, we identified and elaborated themes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010abstinent participants reported infrequent and low\u2010level drinking, citing helpful internal resources, such as strong self\u2010awareness of their limits and confidence in their ability to control their drinking. By contrast, individuals who chose abstinence were often not confident in their ability to stop drinking, and some recounted instances when they learned that, after years of abstinence, they could not safely control their drinking. In addition, individuals who chose moderated drinking appeared to have clear, self\u2010imposed rules about when and how much they could drink. Close and supportive social relationships, as well as aging and changes of life circumstances and contexts, also helped curb excessive drinking and maintain non\u2010abstinent recovery. Many participants described changing their recovery goal, sometimes multiple times, reflecting a dynamic process of recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Beyond documenting the existence of non\u2010abstinent recovery, our study identified why and how moderated drinking might be part of successful recovery for some people. Strict or enduring abstinence may not be necessary for all individuals seeking to recover from alcohol use disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.70103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T06:00:28Z","timestamp":1770271228000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Choosing and Managing Non\u2010Abstinent Recovery: Experiences of Adults in Untreated Recovery From Alcohol Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0626-642X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Santa Clara University  Santa Clara California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loulwa","family":"Soweid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Behavioral Health University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4778-4207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaurab","family":"Maharjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Behavioral Health University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Mulia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute  Emeryville California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1684-6_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(05)80314-4"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Nonabstinent Recovery From Alcohol Use Disorder","volume":"39","author":"Boness C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychiatric Times"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2014.930132"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000796"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14235"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14765"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2008.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/qjsa.1962.23.094"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","volume-title":"Alcoholism and Treatment","author":"Armor D. 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