{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T12:15:14Z","timestamp":1774354514657,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA001411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA001411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA016575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA016575"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper aimed to determine the prevalence, demographic correlates and co\u2010occurring substance use patterns of hallucinogen microdosing among young adults in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Design<\/jats:italic>\n                      : Cross\u2010sectional analysis of data from a nationally\u2010representative cohort study collected in 2022\u20132023.\n                      <jats:italic>Setting<\/jats:italic>\n                      : United States.\n                      <jats:italic>Participants<\/jats:italic>\n                      : Sample of 3094 young adults aged 19\u201330\u2009years in the Monitoring the Future panel study.\n                      <jats:italic>Measurements<\/jats:italic>\n                      : Self\u2010reported past\u2010year hallucinogen use and at least one past\u2010year incident of microdosing, demographic characteristics (age, sex, race\/ethnicity, college attendance, parental education) and other substance use (alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, other drugs).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Past\u2010year hallucinogen use was reported by 9.5% (SE\u2009=\u20090.68) of young adults, with microdosing reported by 6.8% (SE\u2009=\u20090.61). Among those who used hallucinogens, 73.1% (SE\u2009=\u20093.6) engaged in microdosing. Individuals who reported microdosing demonstrated substantially higher rates of other substance use, with odds ratios ranging from 2.53 (95% CI 1.43\u20134.47) for past\u2010month cigarette use to 37.73 (95% CI 19.72\u201372.21) for 3+ occasions of past\u2010year cannabis use. Among those who microdosed, 72.4% reported 10+ occasions of past\u2010year alcohol use and 85.8% reported 3+ occasions of past\u2010year cannabis use. There were few significant demographic differences in microdosing, though Black respondents were less likely (OR\u2009=\u20090.43, 95% CI 0.21\u20130.90) to microdose compared with White respondents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 1 in 15\u2009US young adults reported microdosing hallucinogens, with strong associations between microdosing and other substance use. Despite growing interest in potential therapeutic applications of microdosing, the context in which microdosing typically occurs, including patterns of other drug and alcohol use, raises concerns and warrants focused prevention efforts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.70133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T11:33:36Z","timestamp":1772969616000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiology of Hallucinogen Microdosing Among Young Adults in the United States: A National Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5624-021X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Keyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Terry\u2010McElrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3594-4944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan E.","family":"Patrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125320950567"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120908004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.2853"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","article-title":"Modern Psychedelic Microdosing Research on Mental Health: A Systematic Review","volume":"26","author":"Lo D. 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