{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T09:07:53Z","timestamp":1779440873160,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010medical use of prescription stimulants is increasing globally, yet Australian population\u2010level data on its prevalence and associated sociodemographic and substance use correlates remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analysed cross\u2010sectional data from the 2022\u20132023 National Drug Strategy Household Survey (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200921,663). Logistic regression models estimated associations between non\u2010medical use of prescription stimulants and other substance use. Multinomial models compared risk profiles across four groups: no drug use; non\u2010medical use of prescription stimulants only; illicit drug use only; and both.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Past\u2010year non\u2010medical use of prescription stimulants was reported by 1.8% of respondents and 5.2% reported lifetime use. Past\u2010year non\u2010medical use of prescription stimulants was strongly associated with past\u2010year use of meth\/amphetamine, non\u2010medical cannabis, cocaine and ecstasy, but not with past\u2010year cigarette smoking, non\u2010medical use of opioids, vaping or risky alcohol consumption (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.006). Compared with individuals who reported non\u2010medical use of prescription stimulants only, those who reported both non\u2010medical use of prescription stimulants and illicit substance use were younger and more likely to report current smoking and risky alcohol consumption.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patterns mirror international evidence: non\u2010medical use of prescription stimulants in Australia is concentrated within polysubstance use, particularly with other stimulants and cannabis, while a smaller non\u2010medical use only subgroup shows fewer risk indicators. Non\u2010medical use of prescription stimulants may serve as a marker for broader substance use and clinicians should screen accordingly. Future NDSHS surveillance should add items assessing prescription status, attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and motives to better characterise exclusive non\u2010medical use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.70168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T13:56:21Z","timestamp":1778766981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non\u2010Medical Use of Prescription Stimulants in Australia: Prevalence, Sociodemographic and Substance Use Correlates From the 2022\u20132023 National Drug Strategy Household Survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2831-0150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, School of Psychology The University of 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