{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T14:34:51Z","timestamp":1793198091980,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence from the World Health Organization shows that measures exist to regulate both recorded and unrecorded alcohol. In Thailand, comprehensive evidence on the amount of unrecorded alcohol consumed is lacking. This study aims to quantify the prevalence of unrecorded alcohol consumption and determine associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional survey was conducted from July to August 2022. Thai residents aged 15\u2009years or above were recruited from 15 provinces, including Bangkok, using stratified multi\u2010stage sampling. Types of unrecorded alcohol included surrogate, home\u2010brewed, smuggled or industrially produced illegal and duty\u2010free outlet products. Annual alcohol consumption was calculated by multiplying the daily quantity by the estimated number of drinking days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 3924 participants, unrecorded alcohol constituted 4.4% (95% CI 4.3\u20134.4) of the total alcohol consumption (10.9 million of 248.5 million litres\/year). The annual unrecorded pure alcohol intake per current drinker was 2.2\u2009L. Drinkers aged 45\u201359\u2009years had the highest prevalence of unrecorded alcohol consumption (13.2%), while those aged 60\u2009years and over had the largest share (10.0%). Consumption was higher in males (2.5\u2009L\/year) compared to females (0.5\u2009L\/year) and heavy episodic drinking individuals (3.2\u2009L\/year) compared to non\u2010heavy episodic drinking individuals (0.9\u2009L\/year).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although middle\u2010aged adults had the highest consumption rates, the greatest intensity of intake and, therefore, potential for harm, was seen among older\u2010aged and heavy episodic drinking individuals. Given the risks of unknown ethanol concentrations and contaminants in unrecorded products, policymakers should prioritise high\u2010intensity users over overall prevalence to better mitigate risks within Thailand's alcohol consumption profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.70173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:34:26Z","timestamp":1780367666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of Unrecorded Alcohol Consumption and Associated Factors: Findings From a Nationally Representative Survey in Thailand in 2022"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Sukhontha","family":"Siri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanapas","family":"Bhagaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2174-3287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sawitri","family":"Assanangkornchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol Studies Prince of Songkla University  Songkhla Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6737-0829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiraluck","family":"Nontarak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Burden of Disease Attributable to Risk Factors in Thailand 2019","author":"International Health Policy Program (IHPP), Thailand Burden of Diseases Development Program","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"S.Arora \u201cFake Alcohol in Bangkok Causes Widespread Methanol Poisoning \u201d(2024) https:\/\/thethaiger.com\/news\/bangkok\/fake\u2010alcohol\u2010in\u2010bangkok\u2010causes\u2010widespread\u2010methanol\u2010poisoning."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13409"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000506333"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2021.82.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-051874"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12300"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01013.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease Attributable to Selected Major Risk Factors","author":"Rehm J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cSTEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) \u201dhttps:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/noncommunicable\u2010diseases\/surveillance\/systems\u2010tools\/steps."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.204"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.09.010421"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","volume-title":"Information on the Nordic Alcohol Market 2015","author":"Hallberg J.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","volume-title":"Health Behaviour of Population Survey 2021","author":"National Statistic Office (Thailand)","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"World Health organization \u201cUnrecorded Alcohol: What the Evidence Tells Us \u201d 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","volume-title":"Faculty of Medicine","author":"Aekplakorn W.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"National Statistical Office (Thailand) \u201cThe Smoking and Drinking Behavior Survey 2017 \u201d (National Statistical Office 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12960"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"T. 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N.Lopradit \u201cConsumption of Illegal Community Distilled Liquor Among Workers in a Rural Area of Thailand \u201d 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"International M \u201cRTDs the Alcohol Industry's Latest Strategy Targeting Youth: Movendi International \u201d 2021https:\/\/movendi.ngo\/policy\u2010updates\/2021\/07\/27\/rtds\u2010the\u2010alcohol\u2010industrys\u2010latest\u2010strategy\u2010targeting\u2010youth\/#:~:text=Alcopops%20are%20packaged%20to%20be from%2016%20to%2017%20years."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","volume-title":"Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health","author":"Organization WH","year":"2018"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1111\/dar.70288","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793145600000}}],"container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.70173","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/dar.70173","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/dar.70173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T10:20:06Z","timestamp":1785752406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dar.70173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/dar.70173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.70173","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-5236","1465-3362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-5236","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70173"}}