{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T12:32:38Z","timestamp":1789648358315,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2042605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2042605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1174630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1174630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1197241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1197241"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nitazenes are potent synthetic opioids increasingly detected in illicit drug markets in Australia and globally. Little is known about the pricing of nitazenes, which can influence patterns of use and accessibility. This study examines the price of nitazenes listed for sale via cryptomarkets and surface web shops.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected nitazene listings on English\u2010language cryptomarkets twice monthly from October 2021 to September 2024. Prices per gram (US dollars) were analysed using a multilevel generalised additive model, accounting for nitazene type, quantity, region of origin and delivery availability to Australia. Surface web shops were identified in March 2024 using the search query \u2018buy [specific nitazene] Australia\u2019, with data analysed descriptively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 10,749 pricing observations of nitazene powder were identified across 29 cryptomarkets; 10 surface web shops selling nitazenes were also found. Isotonitazene had the highest median price per gram ($80 USD) among the most frequently listed nitazenes. Cryptomarket prices were significantly higher for listings shipping to Australia and originating from regions outside Asia, although there was variation by nitazene type. Cryptomarket prices trended upwards from 2024 onwards. Substantial quantity discounts were observed across nitazene types. Surface web shop prices were consistently lower than cryptomarkets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nitazenes are available at relatively low prices across cryptomarkets and surface web shops. Given that price is a key determinant of drug\u2010related harm, these findings reinforce the need to monitor online markets for their role in nitazene supply and to expand harm reduction efforts addressing the risks from these substances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.70202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:18:13Z","timestamp":1783570693000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Price of Nitazenes for Sale on Cryptomarkets and Surface Web Shops"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2224-9301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Man","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica J.","family":"Barratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Curtin University  Perth Australia"},{"name":"Harm and Risk Reduction Program, Burnet Institute  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimondo","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania  Hobart Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vandit","family":"Sadaphale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania  Hobart Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5337-1751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"e40736","article-title":"Old Drugs and New Challenges: A Narrative Review of Nitazenes","volume":"15","author":"Pergolizzi J.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00037","article-title":"DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Etonitazene and Related Benzimidazoles","volume":"12","author":"Ujv\u00e1ry I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Chemical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)90811-7","article-title":"Relationship Between Morphine and Etonitazene\u2010Induced Working Memory Impairment and Analgesia","volume":"271","author":"Braida D.","year":"1994","journal-title":"European Journal of Pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(24)00001-X","article-title":"Nitazenes\u2014Heralding a Second Wave for the UK Drug\u2010Related Death Crisis?","volume":"9","author":"Holland A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"Drug Enforcement Administration \u201cBenzimidazole\u2010Opioids: US Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration \u201d2025 https:\/\/deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/drug_chem_info\/benzimidazole\u2010opioids.pdf."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaa016","article-title":"Isotonitazene Quantitation and Metabolite Discovery in Authentic Forensic Casework","volume":"44","author":"Krotulski A. 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