{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T10:47:53Z","timestamp":1785754073020,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA49789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA49789"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stigma may influence prescription opioid and cannabis use for pain management among people experiencing and physicians treating chronic pain. We assessed differences in perceived stigma around prescription opioids and cannabis for chronic pain among these two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were from surveys of adults with chronic pain and physicians in 36 states and DC with medical cannabis laws, administered in March\u2013April 2022 and July\u2013August 2023, respectively. Stigma was measured as whether respondents believed they would be treated unfairly by neighbours, family or employers if using prescription opioids\/cannabis for chronic pain. We compared survey\u2010weighted estimates of perceived prescription opioid and cannabis stigma between patients and physicians using chi\u2010squared tests and developed stigma scales (range: 1 [low stigma]\u20135 [high stigma]) to compare average stigma scores for each substance within subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to adults with chronic pain, physicians were more likely to believe they would be treated unfairly for managing chronic pain with prescription opioids by neighbours (39.3% vs. 18.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value &lt;\u20090.001), family (32.8% vs. 17.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value &lt;\u20090.001) and employers (49.8% vs. 29.8%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value &lt;\u20090.001). Findings were consistent for cannabis. Prescription opioid stigma scores were lower than cannabis scores among adults with chronic pain (2.73 vs. 2.83) and physicians (3.22 vs. 3.33).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relative to adults with chronic pain, physicians were more likely to perceive stigma around prescription opioid or cannabis use. Both perceived more stigma associated with cannabis than prescription opioids for pain management. Group differences may reflect clinical guidance around opioid and cannabis for chronic pain, and substance differences may reflect cannabis's federal illegality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.70212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:22:14Z","timestamp":1783567334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perceived Prescription Opioid and Medical Cannabis\u2010Related Stigma Among\n                    <scp>US<\/scp>\n                    Adults With and Physicians Who Treat Chronic Pain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Gutkind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5095-9308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma E.","family":"McGinty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5676-1499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School  New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4790-4731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayla N.","family":"Tormohlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","article-title":"Chronic Pain and High\u2010Impact Chronic Pain in US Adults, 2023","volume":"518","author":"Lucas J. W.","year":"2024","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6736a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.1464"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7103a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.46697"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2016.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/24740527.2021.1881886"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"L. N.Sacco J. R.Lampe andH. 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