{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T04:00:39Z","timestamp":1790308839439,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID0282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID0282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020884","name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NCS2021_003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCS2021_003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Alcohol Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effects of lockdowns on alcohol use and smoking remain unclear. By exploiting the variation in regional COVID\u201019 lockdowns in two Chilean regions, we examined their effect on alcohol use and smoking in two university communities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a quasi\u2010experimental study in university communities in two Chilean regions, Coquimbo and Araucan\u00eda. Participants were a longitudinal cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009896) assessed seven times from July 2020 () to April 2021 (). Outcomes were weekly grams of alcohol use, heavy episodic drinking (HED) and cigarettes smoked per day.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lockdown between  and  was associated with an increase of 15.6\u2009g of alcohol used per week (95% confidence interval 1.8; 29.3) and an increase of 0.3 daily cigarettes smoked (95% confidence interval 0.003; 0.5) at  (September 2020), compared to the absence of lockdown. When lockdown reversed at , we found weak evidence of a reduction in alcohol use and smoking in the region under lockdown. We did not observe changes in HED during the study period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID\u201019 lockdown appears to result in an initial relative increase in weekly volume of alcohol use and cigarette smoking compared to a region affected by the COVID\u201019 pandemic but without lockdown. We did not find evidence of changes in HED.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , identifier NCT05069090\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.70229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T01:03:26Z","timestamp":1786496606000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Regional\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 Lockdowns on Alcohol Use and Smoking in Two Chilean University Communities: A Difference\u2010In\u2010Difference Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Millennium Nucleus for the Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Policy, nDP  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Palet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Nucleus for the Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Policy, nDP  Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Universidad de La Frontera  Temuco Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5797-8291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila","family":"Salazar\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Universidad de La Frontera  Temuco Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lisis de Datos Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile  Temuco Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Rom\u00e1n Mella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Nucleus for the Evaluation and Analysis of Drug Policy, nDP  Santiago Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Universidad de La Frontera  Temuco Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13074"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010020\u20102405\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2024.104373"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103175"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15295"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s2045796020000888"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2020.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech\u20102020\u2010215060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084231"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000510822"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15622"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15599"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.70000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.12169"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052582"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckab054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15794"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113676"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cWHO COVID\u201019 Dashboard [Internet] \u201d(2026) https:\/\/data.who.int\/dashboards\/covid19\/cases."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040297"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","volume-title":"Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009\u20132010. 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